Навч_Пос_бник_Лазарева_Ковтун

аналітичні прилади та системи)

∙Physical and biomedical electronics (Фізична і біомедична електроніка)

7.Electric Power Engineering Faculty (Електроенергетичний факультет)

∙Power plants (Електростанції)

∙Electric systems and networks (Електричні системи і мережі)

∙Electric power generation and distribution control systems (Системи управління виробництвом і розподілом електроенергії)

∙Electrical engineering (Електротехніка)

∙Power management (Енергетичний менеджмент)

8.Faculty of Automation and Instrument Making (Факультет автоматизації та приладобудування)

Radio physics and electronics (Радіофізика та електроніка) Bio-engineering and medical devices and systems (Біотехнології та медичні прилади і системи)

Metrology and measuring equipment (Метрологія і вимірювальна техніка) Automatics and control systems (Автоматика і системи управління) Information measuring systems (Інформаційні вимірювальні системи)

9.Faculty of Technology of Inorganic Substances (Факультет технології неорганічних речовин)

∙Chemical technology of inorganic substances (Хімічна технологія неорганічних речовин)

∙Engineering electrochemistry (Технічна електрохімія)

∙Chemical technology of refractory nonmetallic silicate materials (Хімічна технологія тугоплавких неметалевих силікатних матеріалів)

∙Chemical technology of rare dispersed elements and materials based on them (Хімічна технологія рідкісних розсіяних елементів та матеріалів на

їхній основі)

10 Faculty of Technology of Organic Substances (Факультет технології

.органічних речовин)

∙Chemical technology of organic substances (Хімічна технологія органічних речовин)

∙Industrial biotechnology (Промислова біотехнологія)

∙Chemical technology of fuel and carbon materials (Хімічна технологія палива та вуглецевих матеріалів)

∙Technology of fats and fat substitutes (Технологія жирів та

111

жирозамінників)

∙Chemical technology of high-molecular substances (Хімічна технологія високомолекулярних речовин)

∙Oil and gas production (Видобування нафти та газу)

∙Technology of fermentation production and wine-making (Технологія бродильних виробництв і виноробства)

∙Biotechnology of bioactive substances (Біотехнологія біологічно-

активних речовин)

11 Faculty of Integrated Technologies and Chemical Engineering (Факультет

.інтегрованих технологій)

∙Equipment for chemical production (Обладнання для хімічного виробництва)

∙Equipment for food industry (Обладнання харчової промисловості)

∙Chemical technology of high-molecular compounds (Хімічна технологія високомолекулярних сполук)

∙Ecology and environmental protection (Екологія та охорона навколишнього середовища)

∙Computer-aided integrated technologies (Комп’ютерні інтегровані технології)

∙Polymer processing technology (Технологія переробки полімерів)

∙Automation of technological processes and production (Автоматизація технологічних процесів і виробництва)

Прочитайте про різні факультети деяких університетів світу (див. Appendix I).

16.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Дайте відповіді на запитання про один з факультетів вашого ВНЗ.

1. When was the department founded? 2. What industry does it train specialists for? 3. What industrial enterprises does it cooperate with? 4. Who of wellknown scientists worked at the department? 5. How many specialities are there at the department? 6. Where do graduates of the department work at?

112

16.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What Does the Large Hadron Collider Do?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently being installed in a 27kilometer ring buried deep below the countryside on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland. It started its operation in 2007, and became the world’s most powerful particle accelerator. During the experiments, high-energy protons in two counter-rotating beams are smashed together in a search for signatures of supersymmetry, dark matter and the origins of mass.

The beams are made up of bunches containing billions of protons. Traveling at a whisker below the speed of light they are injected, accelerated, and kept circulating for hours, guided by thousands of powerful superconducting magnets.

The experiments’ detectors will watch carefully as the energy of colliding protons transforms into thousands of exotic particles. The detectors could see up to 600 million collision events per second, with the experiments trying to obtain the data for signs of extremely rare events such as the creation of the muchsought Higgs boson.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful ___.

a) laser b) particle accelerator c) atomic power plant 2. The LHC is built in ___.

a) Switzerland b) France c) America

3.During the experiments, the beams of high energy ___ collide. a) molecules b) protons c) electrons

4.The scientists try to observe the creation of ___.

a)Dirac’s positron b) Rutherford’s atom c) Higgs boson

16.4.Граматика. Особливості перекладу пасивних

конструкцій

В англійській мові пасивний стан вживається частіше, ніж в українській. Існує декілька випадків, коли переклад присудка у пасивному стані становить певні труднощі.

113

1.Якщо у пасивному стані є носій дії (by somebody), то при перекладі можна вживати особову форму дієслова в активному стані:

The news is brougt by my sister. – Новину принесла моя сестра.

2.Якщо присудок у пасивній конструкції виражений дієсловом з прийменником, то підмет перекладають додатком з відповідним прийменником, а присудок – неозначено–особовою формою дієслова.

The doctor was sent for. – Послали за лікарем.

The child is being looked after. – За дитиною доглядають.

Запам’ятайте дієслова з прийменником!

Запитання для самоперевірки.

1. Чому з’являються труднощі при перекладі пасивних конструкцій з англійської на українську мову? 2. Як перекладаються речення, у яких присудок виражений дієсловом з прийменником?

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на дієслова, які потребують після себе прийменника.

1. He was listened to with great attention. 2. The child was looked for everywhere. 3. The documents were sent for a week ago. 4. Her children will be taken care of. 5. She is always waited for. 6. Tsiolkovsky’s works are often referred to at present. 7. He doesn’t like to be laughed at. 8. The results of the last experiment were constantly referred to by the professor.

Вправа 4. Поставте дієслово в дужках у необхідному часі.

114

1. The inventor of the radio, Popov, (to be born) in 1859. 2. The work (to be done) by students at the laboratory. 3. The mother (to be told) not to worry about her sick boy. 4. He (to be examined) soon by the doctor. 5. It (to be called) Pussy, but my little sister (to call) it Push. 6. Great progress (to be made) in radio engineering since that time. 7. The first two–electrode valve (to be make) in 1904. 8. Great progress (to be achieved) in the field of electronics. 9. I (to be given) a kitten last week.

Вправа 5. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 3. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 4. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.

Вправа 6. Передайте речення у Passive Voice.

1. They broke the window last week. 2. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 3. We will do the work in the evening. 4. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 5. They were playing tennis from four till five. 6. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 7. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 8. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees in the orchard. 9. They will stage this play at the beginning of the next season. 10. They have forgotten the story.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення англійською.

1. Вже послали за ліками? – Так, їх зараз шукають. 2. Його виховала сестра. 3. Не турбуйся, йому допоможуть в роботі. 4. Нажаль, в нашому районі вирубують багато дерев. 5. Цей міст ще будується. Він вже будувався, коли я побачив його вперше. 6. Коли файл копіювався, раптом виключили електрику. 7. Коли я прийду додому, обід ще буде готуватись.

8.Це явище широко обговорювалось у науковій пресі.

16.5.Домашнє завдання

115

Вправа 8. Трансформуйте речення з активного у пасивний стан. Перекладіть речення.

1. They deliver all the mail at half past nine. 2. This engineer is writing the letter in English. 3. William taught this group of children. 4. The students will buy the theatre tickets next week. 5. They have published this booklet. 6. They had built this block of flats by the end of the year. 7. Mary was writing the article for the journal from five till eight. 8. Everybody knows you. 9. Everyone hears our broadcasts. 10. We will have finished the work by Saturday.

Вправа 9. Назвіть номери речень, присудок яких стоїть у пасивному

стані.

1. May 7, 1895 has entered the history of science as the date of the invention of radio. 2. In 1938 the first TV station came into being in Moscow, but the war stopped the development of television. 3. The international exchange programmes will be developed still further in future. 4. Some powerful radio stations have recently been built in the northern regions. 5. Much attention is being paid to the development of three-dimensional television.

Вправа 10. Виберіть правильний переклад присудка.

1.The machine tool measures its production itself.

2.The machine tool will measure its production itself.

3.The part is measured with great accuracy.

a) виміряли; b) виміряє; c) виміряється; d) буде виміряти.

4.The builders are planning to build the road.

5.The building of the road is being planned.

6.The building of the road was being planned.

a) планується; b) планують; c) спланували; d) планували.

7.The tests have been carried out well.

8.The tests were being carried out well.

9.The tests are being carried out well.

а) виконуються; b) виконувались; c) виконані; d) будуть виконані.

Вправа 11. Складіть розповідь про свій факультет з використанням активних слів та виразів.

Lesson 17. My Major

116

17.1. Розмовна тема. Моя спеціалізація

Вправа 1. Прочитайте розмовні формули для розповіді про будь-яку спеціальність та складіть розповідь про власну спеціальність.

I am a first year student of NTU “KhPI”. I study at ___ Department.

I major in ___.

Besides my speciality at our department there are such specialities as ___. In ___ I will gain a Bachelor’s Degree.

After graduating from the University I am going to be an engineer (technologist, designer, etc.) and work in (at) ___.

17.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Прочитайте та заповніть пропуски.

A Six-Step Process to Finding a College Major

One of the greatest stressors for college-bound high-school students – as well as for some college students – is choosing a college major. Deciding your major (and minor) is a life decision, and the one that can have an impact on your plans beyond. This will help guide your thinking as you take steps toward choosing a college major that is best for you.

Step 1: Self-Assessment of Interests. Write down a list of activities, course subjects, and topics that interest you, inspire you. What are your likes and dislikes – about school, hobbies, work, and volunteering? If you have taken an assessment test at school (or online), you can enter some of the results here as well.

Things that Interest, Inspire Me: ___________________

Step 2: Examination of Skills and Abilities. One of the most important elements in choosing a major (and a future career) is a realistic review of your strengths and weaknesses, skills and abilities. It’s important to take an honest view of the subjects / skills you are best at, as well as those you struggle with. Write down your best and worst skills and abilities.

Skills That I Want to Use and Excel at: ___________________

Skills That I Don’t Want to Use or am Weak in:

______________________

117

Step 3: Understanding What You Value About Work. Different jobs and careers provide a range of intrinsic rewards to people working in them. For example, teachers place a much greater value on educating and impacting the lives of their students than they do on financial rewards. What are you seeking from your career? Some examples include helping society, working under pressure, group affiliation, stability, security, social status, financial rewards. Write down a list of what you seek from your future career.

The Values I Want From My Job / Career: _______________________

Step 4: Researching Occupations and Careers. Many students have an idea of the types of work they may want to do, but rarely do they have a full understanding of the requirements of the work – or even what the work fully entails. Others have never really thought about careers and have little or no knowledge of what they want to do after college. This step involves conducting research and recording the information you found about one or more potential career fields.

Potential Career Fields for Me: _________________________

Step 5: Information Review & Reality Check. Now that you have a better understanding of yourself and one or more potential career paths, it’s time to conduct an honest appraisal of whether your skills, interests, and values are a good match with the careers that most excite you. For example, you may love the idea of becoming a doctor, but do not have the math or science skills necessary for medical school. Your task in these situations is to conduct further research to see if other career paths in the same field will be a good match for you. (Go back to Step 4 if you need to conduct more research.) Write down the list of careers and jobs that best fit you, starting with the career that best seems to fit your interests and skills.

Careers / Jobs That Best Fit Me: __________________

Step 6: Matching College Majors to Career Paths. For many jobs, the choice of college major is not as important as the actual degree, but choosing a major (or combination of majors and minors) that is directly related to your choice of career often provides a deeper level of skills and understanding of the subject. Conduct research on the careers from Step 5 to help determine the best college major. For example, if you think you want to be a high school math teacher, what should you major in? Write down your list of potential majors and minors here.

118

Prospective Career: ______________

Appropriate Major(s) / Minor(s): ______________

17.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст.

What is Classical Physics?

Classical physics is a branch of physics in which matter and energy are two separate concepts. Based primarily on Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion and James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetic radiation, classical physics is generally divided into several different areas. These areas include mechanics, dynamics, hydrodynamics, statics, optics, thermodynamics and acoustics, as well as the study of magnetism and electricity. The laws of conservation of mass, conservation of energy and conservation of momentum are also very important to classical physics. They state that mass and energy can be neither created nor destroyed, and the momentum of an object will only be changed if an outside force acts on it.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. Classical physics deals with matter and energy as ___.

a) two separate concepts b) a single notion c) the only things worth studying

2.The “parents” of classical physics are Newton and ___. a) Faraday b) Einstein c) Maxwell

3.Classical physics also studies the law of ___.

a) transition from quantity to quality b) conservation of energy c) supply and demand

☺ Smile !

Teacher: And as you know, heat causes expansion and cold contraction. Elliot, can you give me an example?

Elliot: Yes, Sir. In summer when it’s hot the days are longer than in winter when it’s cold.

17.4. Граматика. Ступені порівняння прикметників і прислівників

119

Запам’ятайте винятки!

good – better – the best

bad – worse – the worst

little – less – the least

many (much) – more – the most

far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest old – older / elder – the oldest / the eldest

Приклади

He is in the farthest corner of the garden. – Він у самому дальньому куточку саду.

120