13.What are the main forms of cholecystitis?

14.What are the main symptoms of chickenpox?

15.What can you say about using of antibiotics in the case of influenza (is it recommended or not)?

16.What is immunity, what kinds of immunity do you know?

17.What are vaccines used for?

18.What are vitamins?

19.What we must do to be sure that our bodies get all the vitamins that need?

20.Why are vitamins very important for the organism?

Занятие № 19

1.Тема занятия: «Зачетное занятие». Аннотация текста.

2.Значение темы – выявить уровень умений и навыков

3.Цели занятия: контроль усвоения изученного материала.

4.План изучения темы:

4.1. Итоговый контроль знаний.

1.Проведение диктанта.

2.Аннотация текста. Тексты на аннотирование.

Text А. Read and translate the text.

VITAMIN С, THE ANTISCORBUTIC VITAMIN

Vitamin C is water-soluble and is found chiefly in fresh fruits and vegetables, but its distribution is not very uniform. Lemon juice is very easily oxidized, particularly in alkaline solution. Lemon juice left exposed to the air loses all its vitamin С in three hours. It is readily destroyed by heat, but is sometimes present in canned or dried food if these are acid and have been preserved in the absence of air.

It has been synthetized from d-galactose, and exists in an oxidized and reduced form. Most animals can manufacture it themselves, but they cannot make it in sufficient

quantities and still need an outside supply for a healthy life.

The ease with which it is oxidized suggested that it acts at some point in tissue respiration and its absence leads to a breakdown of protoplasmic structure. The chief deficiency disease, associated with it, is characterized by haemorrhage of the limbs and jaws. This is presumably caused by an increased permeability of the walls of the blood vessels.

Ascorbic acid is normally excreted in the urine, but in certain infectious diseases it is found there in smaller quantities than normal, which suggests that it is being used up in the body. It has recently been shown that it inactivates diphtheria and vaccinia injected into rabbits. These facts say that its absence leads to a reduced resistance to infections. It is possible that it is used in the formation of antibodies.

Text В. Read and translate the text.

VITAMIN B, (THIAMINUM BROMATUM)

It is a white crystalline powder with a slightly yellow colour and specific odour. Vitamin BI is readily soluble in water, methyl alcohol and insoluble in ether. Melting

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point of thiaminum broma-tum is 210—215°. It is easily destroyed in neutral and alkaline solutions and stable in acid.

Thiaminum bromatum is a synthetic preparation which fully corresponds to natural vitamin BI. In nature it is contained in yeast, in brown bread and other products. Man and most animals are incapable to manufacture B1 and one receives it with food. It is stored to a considerable extent especially by the liver and kidneys. In spite of the fact that vitamin BI is present in many food products, the requirements of the organism in it are not always satisfied.

Vitamin B1 is essential for human nutrition. It is connected with carbohydrate metabolism. The deficiency of vitamin BI may lead to the accumulation of lactose in the tissues and this may cause polyneuritis and decompensation of cardio-vascular action. The lack of vitamin BI in food leads to a serious disease — beriberi.

Minimum daily requirement of this vitamin for children till 7 years is 1 mg, for adults

— 2 mg and for pregnant women — 2.5—3 mg

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