- •УЧебное пособие по английскому языку
- •Введение
- •Содержание
- •Infinitive
- •Unit 5 43
- •Air pollution and smog are the problems of modern cities
- •4. Give the summary of the text.
- •Air pollution as the major problem of the day
- •1.Translate these word combinations and make a dialogue.
- •2. Read three given jists of the text and find one which corresponds to the contents best.
- •3. One of the greatest problems of all modern cities is the environment pollution. Read the text and tell which of the problems mentioned in the text are typical for the city you live in.
- •1. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
- •2. What environmental problems does air pollution cause? Fill in the table.
- •3. You are taking part in the conference on the environmental problems. Deliver a report on air pollution.
- •The ozone layer depletion
- •Страдательный залог (passive voice )
- •Organic chemistry
- •Chemical elements and compounds
- •Organic compounds
- •Substances and their transformations
- •Страдательный залог с модальными глаголами
- •Industrial Gases
- •An achievement of science: gas transformed into metal
- •Инфинитив (the infinitive)
- •Частью сказуемого:
- •Unit 4 units materials science and technology
- •Mechanical properties of materials
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Объектный инфинитивный оборот (the objective infinitive construction)
- •Measuring temperature
- •Субъектный инфинитивный оборот
- •(The subjective infinitive construction)
- •Ventilation : definition and necessity
- •Functional requirements of ventilationsystem
- •1. Air changes (or air movement) and rate of supply of fresh air
- •Systems of ventilation
- •Natural ventilation
- •Fig. 2.1. Movement of wind through buildings.
- •Ventilation due to stack effect
- •Fig. 2.4. Ventilation due to stack effect.
- •Ventilation due to both the effects
- •Meciianical (or artificial) ventilation
- •1. Extraction system (or exhaust system)
- •2. Plenum system (or supply system)
- •3. Extraction-Plenum system
- •4. Air conditioning
- •Air conditioning
- •Vocabulary
- •Герундий (gerund)
- •2. Сhoose suitable English words to Russian terms. Make your own sentences.
- •3. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •4. Find correct Russian translation of English words. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text. Find unnecessary words
- •5. Define which of these statements contain the main idea of the text
- •6.Put these sentences in order according to the text
- •7. Find the correct answer to these questions. Prove your opinion
- •8. Which paragraphs deal with these questions? Give brief explanations to each of them
- •9. Which of these sentences explain the work of heating and which ones -ventilation?
- •10. Prove these statements, add some more information from the text
- •11. Compose pairs of words from English and Russian synonyms. Explain their meaning
- •12. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •14. Mark which paragraphs these titles belong to. Place them in order according to the text
- •15. Finish these sentences
- •16. Divide these sentences into three groups
- •18. Change these words into another part of speech
- •Причастие (the participle)
- •§ 217. 1. Present Participle Active (причастие настоящего времени
- •1.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations in accord to the given models:
- •3.Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.
- •4.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
- •I. Tasks before reading.
- •II. Listen to the students' discussion and name advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy sources
- •III. Complete the following dialogues.
- •IV. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •II. Match the words with the opposite meaning.
- •III. Find in в the derivatives from the words in a.
- •I. What do we need energy for? Make a list of the uses of energy and compare it with that of your partner.
- •II. Translate the following compound nouns into Russian.
- •III. Scan the text to find answers to these questions.
- •Forms of energy
- •Varieties of energy (a)
- •The end of the universe (b)
- •Heat energy (c)
- •Participle II
- •Независимый причастный оборот (the absolute participle construction)
- •1. Express the same idea in a shorter way.
- •2. Join these sentences into one.
- •3. Provide more detailed information.
- •4. Expand the sentences.
- •5. Choose the right option.
- •6. Open the brackets and use Participles in the right form.
- •7. Correct mistakes.
- •Water supply
- •4. Which of these statements contain the basic of the text. Put them in accordance with the context
- •1. Choose suitable translation of English words from Russian ones. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text
- •2. Chose the translation of bold type (выделенных) words.
- •3.Point which of these sentences have the main idea of the text. Explain your point of view
- •5. Add these sentences with correct variant according to the text. Using as a plan speak briefly about Water Supply
- •6. Fill this table due to points of the topic Sanitary engineering
- •Unit 10
- •Operating systems
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Introduction to the www and the internet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Famous people of Science and Engineering. Bill gates
- •Unit 11
- •2. Chilled Water System
- •2.9. Essentials of air conditioning system
- •1. Filtration
- •2. Heating
- •3. Cooling
- •4. Humidification
- •5. Dehumidification
- •6. Air circulation or distribution
- •Unit 12 albert einstein
- •Time for fun
- •Unit 13 mstislav keldysh (1911-1978)
- •Industrial plastics: rigid and flexible foams
- •Unit 14
- •D.I. Mendeleyev — pride of russian science
- •Unit 15
- •Igor kurchatov (1903—1960)
- •Unit 16 our star —the sun
- •Список литературы
1.Translate these word combinations and make a dialogue.
to found a city to solve the problem
a great number of pictures although it was late
atmospheric pollution the population has grown
to study the materials carefully considerably
the capital of a country dense layers of smog
construction work on a large scale to improve the system of education
man-made pollution a convenient way
to carry out necessary work a safe means of transport
successful research the length of the river
to give much attention to education to link several countries
similar features to use electricity instead of steam
major branches of industry to unite peoples
existing stales within the traffic system
the increase of speed valuable knowledge
to facilitate the construction permanent task
rapid development previous years
numerous channels several reasons
to blanket the city for days smog and the chemicals
2. Read three given jists of the text and find one which corresponds to the contents best.
1. In this chapter we consider the atmospheric pollution, the formation of smog, and the automobile’s role in air pollution.
2. In this chapter we look at burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline as main pollutants of the atmosphere.
3 In this chapter we look at man-made pollutants as the main factors of atmospheric pollution.
3. One of the greatest problems of all modern cities is the environment pollution. Read the text and tell which of the problems mentioned in the text are typical for the city you live in.
4. Give the summary of the text.
Read and translate the text.
Air pollution as the major problem of the day
Since the 19th century we are getting increasingly worried about industry polluting breathing air in densely populated cities where the great majority of people live.
Not all air pollutants are man-made. For billions of years the air has been polluted by volcanoes throwing out tons of ash and smoke, dust stirred by the wind, gases given off by growing plants or by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, etc. However, having discovered fire man added much to natural pollutants by burning fossil fuels. Sherlock Holmes for example, observed London "pea-soapers"1, blanketing the city for days. That's because Londoners used soft coal for heating their houses.
Let us review what we know about combustion. All fossil fuels naturally contain hydrogen, carbon and sulphur, present in plants and animals. Uniting with oxygen during combustion these gases result in forming water and releasing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Besides, oxides of nitrogen are produced in the air whenever there are high temperatures, be it2 a car spark or a lightning stroke. These natural processes have far-reaching consequences.
The oxides reacting with water in the air produce carbonic, nitric, nitrous, sulphurous and sulphuric acids. Acid rains have damaging effects on materials and the environment. An excess of nitrogen in the air, greater than the ecosystems are able to absorb results in destructing the biological balance of the soils and water (eutrophication). In the layers of the air close to the ground photochemical (photo-oxidizing) pollution causes the formation of 'bad ozone', called so because of its destructing effect on human health and vegetation. And vice versa, the 'good ozone' protecting us from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the stratosphere is being depleted by NO (mainly from traffic) and by chlorofluorocarbons. The ozone layer depletion has damaging effects on human health and environment. The greenhouse effect consists in atmospheric gases (C02, CH4, O3, N2O, CFCs) absorbing infrared (IR) radiation, reflected from the surface of the earth. When not reflected back into space the energy is absorbed and transformed into heat. Without the natural greenhouse effect the average temperature on the earth would be3 -18°C. However, since the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases proves increasing. Thus, today we are facing the prospect of global warming with all its unpleasant consequences.