- •Кафедра иностранных языков
- •Fundamentals of rotary drilling
- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •Unit 1 Rocks and their properties
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary.
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •10. Speak about the Earth’s crust and the minerals it is composed of.
- •11. Translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunction either ... Or
- •12. Complete the sentences using the given words:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form, mind the Active and the Passive voice:
- •9. Answer the questions:
- •14. Translate the sentences into English:
- •The properties of rocks
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •6. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •7. Look through the texts and give your definitions of the following words:
- •8. Complete the following sentences:
- •9. Answer the questions:
- •10. Find the information in the text which will prove that:
- •11. Prove that formation properties must be carefully observed to achieve success in drilling.
- •12. Translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunction since:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
- •14. Translate the passage into English:
- •Rock classification
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •6. Find the antonyms:
- •7. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •8. Answer the questions:
- •9. Summarize the information of the text and tell about interrelation between bit wear and rock drillability.
- •10. Find as many words connected with rocks and their properties as possible
- •11. Render the text about hydrocarbons origin and accumulation into English:
- •Unit 2 Drilling a well
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary.
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •4. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •5. Find the synonyms:
- •6. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •8. Answer the questions:
- •9. Prove that drilling an oilwell is a complex business.
- •10. Translate the extract from Russian into English:
- •Unit 3 Drilling Bits and Dull Bit Evaluation
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •Bit Design
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Use the dictionary and write down the transcription of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •Insert bits
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •7. Find in the texts the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations and learn them by heart:
- •8. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •9. Scan the texts and find the words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •10. Read the description of the bit and guess its type:
- •11. Complete the chart
- •12. Speak about the advantages of different bit types and drilling situations in which they prove to be suitable. Dull Bit Evaluation
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •Unit 4 Weight on Bit and Rotary Speed
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Pay attention to the abbreviations used in the text:
- •3. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •4. Read and translate the text.
- •11. Complete the following sentences:
- •12. Scan the text and think of the possible questions you can ask about weight on bit and rotary speed. Write them down and then ask your groupmates to answer.
- •13. Summarize the information from the text and tell about special consideration taken into account to enhance drilling situation.
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Pay attention to the abbreviation used in the text:
- •3. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •9. Look through the texts and give your definitions of the following words:
- •10. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •4. Read and translate the text.
- •5. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •6. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •7. Find the words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •9. Answer the questions:
- •10. Explain why it is crucially important to observe variations in the drilling rate and how the rate of penetration can be measured to determine optimum weight on bit and rotary speed.
- •11. Translate the extract from Russian into English: Мировые ресурсы нефти
- •Оффшорная добыча нефти
- •Unit 5 Drilling Fluid Properties and Air Drilling
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •5. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •6. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •7. Find the synonyms:
- •8. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •9. Look through the text and find words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •10. Complete the following sentences:
- •11. Answer the questions:
- •13. Speak about mud characteristics and the way they affect the penetration rate.
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find in the text the English variants for the following word combinations:
- •6. Look through the text and find antonyms:
- •6. Look through the text and find words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. What parts can the text be divided into? Suggest the suitable headings for each part. Make the summary of one of the parts.
- •9. Compare water and air drilling. Speak about advantages/disadvantages; formations they can be used in; problems which can occur.
- •10. Translate the extract into English:
- •Unit 6 Bit Hydraulic Horsepower and Hydraulics Calculation
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •6. Look through the text and find the synonyms to the following words:
- •7. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •9. Complete the following sentences:
- •10. Answer the questions:
- •11. Work in pairs. Discuss the possible reasons of pressure losses and suggest measures to avoid them.
- •12. Prove that the hydraulic horsepower of the circulating fluid at the bit is vital to rotary bit performance.
- •13. Translate the extract from Russian into English. Газопровод Оман-Индия
- •Unit 7 Articles for additional reading Petroleum
- •1. Match the proportions of chemical elements:
- •2. Tell about the chemical composition of crude oil and its usage. History of petroleum industry
- •Make a report about the history of petroleum industry.
- •Find additional information about the present-day situation in petroleum industry. You can search the following websites:
- •Oil extraction
- •Speak about different methods of oil recovery.
- •Make a report about alternative methods of producing oil. Directional drilling
- •What are directional wells drilled for?
- •What problems can directional drilling cause?
- •Review questions
- •Glossary
- •Список использованной литературы
7. Find the words which correspond to the given definitions:
An assembly of sheaves, mounted on beams at the top of the derrick, over which the drilling line is reeved.
A method of determining optimum weight on bit and overall bit performance by tying down the brake and measuring the time required to drill off certain weight intervals as the drill stem decompresses.
All members in the assembly used for rotary drilling from the swivel to the bit, including the kelly, drill pipe and tool joints, drill collars, stabilizers, and various specialty items.
The heavy steel member, three-, four-, six-, or eight-sided, suspended from the swivel through the rotary table and connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns. It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem and up the annulus, or vice versa.
An automatic machine designed to work without needing someone to operate it for each part of the process.
8. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
A sharp bit, used in the right formation and properly run, will drill faster than a worn bit improperly run or used in the wrong kind of rocks.
Many rigs are equipped with drilling rate recorders, which allow quick comparison of penetration rates.
Comparing measurements provides an accurate estimate of bit performance.
Drill-off technique makes use of the fact that the drill stem is an elastic medium like a spring, the length of which varies with its tension.
By maintaining constant weight on bit and hydraulic effort, drill-off tests can be useful for finding optimum rotary speed.
9. Answer the questions:
What can variations in the drilling rate indicate?
What is the usual basis for comparing bit performance?
How can a driller determine the drilling rate without the help oа automatic devices?
What is a commonly used method of measuring rate of penetration to determine optimum weight on bit and rotary speed?
How does it work?
What can drill-off tests be used for?
Why are drill-off tests repeated several times?
10. Explain why it is crucially important to observe variations in the drilling rate and how the rate of penetration can be measured to determine optimum weight on bit and rotary speed.
11. Translate the extract from Russian into English: Мировые ресурсы нефти
В 1970 году в мире использовалось 2000 миллионов тонн нефти, каждые десять лет спрос (demand) на нефть продолжал удваиваться (to double), так что в 2020 году эта цифра должна достигнуть 64 000 миллионов тонн. Ученые считают, что общее количество нефти, существующее на Земле, составляет около 300 000 миллионов тонн. Следовательно (therefore), ресурсы нефти, похоже заканчиваются. Кроме этого, еще в начале века геологи сообщали, что нефть становится все труднее и труднее добывать, и что все крупные месторождения уже открыты и разработаны. Стоит (worth while) подумать о поисках какого-либо другого источника энергии. Что могло бы стать этим источником? Тысячи автомобилей, судов, самолетов и других видов транспорта не могут обходиться (to do) без жидкого топлива (fuel oil), хотя многие водители предпочли бы ездить на чем-нибудь другом, например, на солнечных батареях или на электромоторах.