To be writing

Правило 2. Для образования глагольной формы в действительном залоге (Active) с совершённым аспектом действия (Perfect) необходимо использовать два слова have+done (have+Past Participle verbV₀-ed).

To have written

Правило 3. Для образования глагольной формы в страдательном залоге (Passive) необходимо использовать два слова be+done (be+Past Participle verbV₀-ed).

To be written

Инфинитив может использоваться без трансформаций, при этом выбор аспекта действия происходит на основании следующих трёх критериев для каждого аспекта действия:

"Simple Infinitive" выражает будущее действие по отношению к личной форме глагола или действие, протекающее одновременно с действием, выраженным личной формой глагола:

I am glad to see you. - Рад вас видеть.

I was glad to see you. - Я был рад вас видеть.

He seems to deliver cargo. - Кажется, он доставит груз.

The cargo seems to be delivered. - Кажется, груз доставят.

"Perfect Infinitive" выражает действие, завершенное к моменту, когда происходит действие, выраженное личной формой глагола:

I am glad to have seen you. - Рад, что повидал вас.

"Continuous Infinitive" выражает действие, протекающее одновременно с действием, выраженным личной формой глагола:

I pretended to be reading. - Я притворился, что читаю.

He seems to be sleeping. - Кажется, он спит сейчас.

2. Утвердительная форма повелительного наклонения.

`Take the ↓pen ↑please.

`Give me a ↓pencil ↑please.

Утвердительная форма в повелительном наклонении совпадает с формой инфинитива без "to". Повелительное утвердительное предложение произносится с нисходящим тоном.

III Spoken English.

Spare time. Interests.

1. Objective: - to hold a social conversation with people.

2. Tasks: - to discuss leisure interests;

- to ask questions about people`s life and business career;

- to find out what things you have got in common when you meet people.

3. Key words:

• rest - отдых

• at the seaside

• the sun

• interest

• be interested in a joint project

• a detective story

• a novel

• a history book

• a thriller - остросюжетный фильм

• a comedy

• jazz

• pop music

• classical music

• folk music

• folk lore

• to play football (we use "play" with competitive games)

• to go jogging (we use "go" with individual sports)

• to do yoga

• to do marshal arts

• every week

• every two weeks

• once a week

• twice a week

• three times a week

• to work overtime - работать сверхурочно

• to attend a meeting

• to travel abroad on business - ехать за границу в командировку

• Orthodox

• Catholic

• Islam

• Judaism

• Buddhism

• the God

• a cathedral

• a church

• a mosque

• a magazine

• TV programme

• to watch TV

• to zapper - переключать с канала на канал, щёлкать каналами

• a day off -отгул

• to have a day off - взять отгул

• Have a good trip! - Счастливого пути!

• Did you have a good trip?

• to see round the city - осматривать город

• convenient

• Wednesday is convenient. - Среда мне подходит.

• The city is best seen by foot. - Город лучше всего осматривать пешком.

• a pet

• a foreigner

• different

• a weekend

• a holiday

• 0.5 = zero point five - пять десятых

• the exchange rate between dollar and grivna

• What`s the exchange rate between dollar and grivna?

• currency

• a meal

• a three-course meal - обед из трёх блюд

• a hamburger

• How much is a hotel room?

• to go from bad to worse - идти всё хуже и хуже

• Business goes from bad to worse. - Дела идут всё хуже и хуже.

• I spent money for food.

• Half my money goes on food.

• biography

• to like

• to dislike

• business career

• tonight

• I`d love to. - С удовольствием! (съем/ выпью)

• I`d love one. - С удовольствием! (съем один/ выпью одну)

• to entertain

• entertainment

4. Activity 4. Read the dialogue "Spare time, interests" and learn it by heart.

A-Hello. How are you?

B-Hello. I`m fine, thank you. How are you?

A-I`m fine, thanks. Lovely day today, isn`t it?

B- Yes, it is.

1. What do you do in your spare time?

2. I read books and go in for sport.

1. What languages do you speak?

2. I speak Ukrainian, Russian, French and English.

1. Have you got any pets?

2. Yes, I have got a dog, Chuck.

1. What kind of music do you like?

2. I prefer pop music.

1. What countries have you visited?

2. I`ve been to Great Britain, Germany and Syria.

1. How often do you go abroad on business?

2. I go abroad on business three times a year.

1. What would you like to drink?

2. My favorite drink is Pepsi-Cola.

A-It was nice to see you!

B-It was nice to see you too.

A-See you tomorrow. Bye-bye.

B-Bye. Take care!

5. Activity 5. Build up a conversation.

1. What sort of books do you like?

2. I hate westerns.

3. Do you play football?

4. How often do you go jogging?

5. What`s on TV?

6. What TV programmes do you watch?

7. What are you doing tonight?

8. What do you do in the evenings?

9. What`s your favourite drink?

10. What model of car do you drive?

11. Do you go abroad on holiday?

12. How many hours do you spend watching TV every day?

13. How often do you work overtime?

14. We both like to watch football.

15. Would you like a cup of coffee? ~ I`d love to.

16. What sport game is the most popular in your country?

6. Activity 6. Try to establish some experiences you have both shared.

e.g. A~ Do you play football?

B~ Yes, I do.

A~ We both play football.

e.g. A~ Do you play tennis?

B~ No, I don`t.

A~ We both don`t play tennis.

~ Neither of us likes playing tennis.

e.g. A~ Do you play pop-music?

B~ No, I don`t.

A~ But I do.

When you find things in common you will need to use "both" to emphasise it. If you both do not do anything, you can use "Neither of us".

Activity 6.1. Establish some experiences you have both shared like in Activity 6.

• play volleyball;

• play chess;

• drink coffee;

• watch news;

• drive Nissan;

• like classical music.

Activity 6.2. You need to keep the conversation going. Find out about your partner`s interests and habits:

Models	A	Do you play football?		A	Do you play tennis?
	B	Yes, I do.		B	No, I don`t.
	A	We both play football.		A	We both don`t play tennis. Neither of us likes playing tennis.

Models	A	What kind of car do you drive?
	B	Nissan.
	A	We both drive Nissan.

1. use a notebook;

2. take part in international conferences;

3. what model of a PC you prefer;

4. be interested in joint research;

5. use a brain storm technique at work;

6. pay in cash.

7. Activity 7. Profile "Spare time". Use the profile as a draft to compile your own one.

I try to find some time to relax. There is too much I am interested in. The most popular entertainment is watching TV and video. I do it two hours a day. My hobby is reading books. I read professional books, detective stories and science fiction. After that the next most popular activity is to visit friends. We visit friends without prior notification though I personally hate it. I also go to see football matches. I share this interest with my wife. I also go in for sports: swim and go jogging. Most of the evenings I spend with my family. One day I would like to go to France for a holiday.

Criteria for evaluation are:

• деление предложения на синтагмы;

• Aspects and Voices;

• infinitive and forms of infinitive;

• dialogue "Spare time".

H/w:

1. Понятие синтагмы. Какие смысловые группы могут быть синтагмами?

2. Aspects and Voices.

3. Forms of infinitive.

4. Dialogue "Spare time".

5. Profile "Spare time".

Lesson 6

Objective:

• to ask the way and give directions.

Tasks:

• to be able to use plural of nouns;

• to ask and answer questions about how to get to a certain place.