1. Match each of the words with the correct explanation on the right:

1. tax a. the amount of tax people have to pay

2. indirect tax b. useful services for public

3. tax incidence c. compulsory charge levied by a government

for the purpose of financing services

performed for the common benefit

4. consumption d. the condition or quantity of being

accountable

5. direct tax e. wellbeing

6. accountability f. to provide money for

7. public utilities g. the amount of tax payable, expressed as a

percentage of the assessed value of land,

interest in land, or improvement

8. tax rate h. tax levied on the production or sale of goods

and services

9. to fund i. using up, especially in large amounts

10. welfare j. tax collected by the government from the

income of individuals and businesses

2. Complete the sentences by inserting the words in the gaps:

repricing, welfare, rates, levied, charge, incidence, labor, efficiency

1. A tax is a financial... imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state.

2. Taxes may be paid in money or as a ... labor.

3. Indirect taxes are ... on the production or sale of goods and

services.

4. Progressive taxes reduce the tax ... of people with smaller incomes.

5. Taxation has four main purposes or effects: revenue,

redistribution, ..., and represen­tation.

6. Most modern governments use taxes to fund ... and public services.

7. Governments use different kinds of taxes and vary the tax....

8. Some economists argue that taxation results in economic ....

3. Which of the following sentences are true or false?

1. A tax is a financial charge imposed by a state.

2. Taxes are always paid as a corvee labor.

3. Indirect taxes are collected by the government from the income of

individuals and businesses.

4.Progressive taxes reduce the tax incidence of people with smaller

incomes.

5. The most widely known function of taxation is repricing.

6. Funds provided by taxation are used on expenditures on war, the

enforcement of law and public order, economic infrastructure, etc.

7. Governments vary the tax rates to distribute the tax burden among

individuals or classes.

8. Some economists don't consider taxation efficient.

4. Match the terms with their Russian equivalents:

1. tax return a. самостоятельная занятость мелких

собственников или владельцев

некорпоративных предприятий

2. tax affairs b. налогоплательщик

3. tax calculation c. вопросы, связанные с налогами

4. self-employment d. налоговая декларация

5. penalty e. валовой доход

6. gross income f. расчет налогов

7. taxpayer g. наказание, взыскание, штраф