51. The concept of literary genre.

Literary genres - this group of works allocated under the kinds of literature. Each of them has certain complex resistant properties. Many literary genres have origins and roots in folklore. Genre forms: in epic-novel, short story; in lyrics- sonnet, ode; in drama –comedy, tragedy etc. Each characteristic of a certain genre has a genre content (i.e. topics, problems, pathos, scale coverage represented world) and a peculiar genre form (subjective, spatio-temporal organization of the text, and more)

52. The problem of typology of literary genres in the Literary Study.

The problem of typology of literary genres is solved differently. B.V.Tomashevskii differentiates genres depending on the ways using in it. This differentiation takes place from some inner closely linking of separate ways, easily combined between themselves (natural differentiation), from the aims, putted for separate works, from the origin situation, purpose and condition of perception the literary work (literary-common differentiation), from the imitation to old works and arising from here literary traditions (historical differentiation). Characteristics are various, they crosses and don’t give any opportunity of logic classification of genres by one basis. Thematical genres, motif, rhymic and prosaic genres. In epochs of normative poetics (from antiquity to XVII-XVIII cc.), with genres which are recommended and regulated by theoretics, it was existed also genres, during several decadence they haven’t taken theoretical basing, but they have had constant structural properties. In every historical period genres correlate between themselves differently.

53. Systematization of genres. The distinction that underpins the three broad divisions of genre have their origins in the rigid formalities and hierarchies of classical thought. Book 3 of Plato's Republic (c. 380 B.C.E.) is preoccupied with the effective censoring of writing deemed inappropriate to the dignity of the projected Republic and its guardians. Though this activity finds its parallel in Aristotle's later consideration of "decorum," or the proper relationship of style to subject matter, Plato's dialogue is most influential in its systematization of genre, albeit in a vision premised upon the perception of narrative voice through direct speech, rather than a more protracted encounter with technique in itself, as the primary item of definition. The division here is based upon the relative positions of the poet allegedly speaking as himself ("narrative") and the imitative function whereby the speech or manner of another person is imitated in an act of "representation." Using Homer's Iliad as an example, the dialogue further develops the presence of a hybrid form in which passages of narration alternate with those of representation, the poet speaking first "in his own person" and then "in the person of Chryses" (p. 131). Notably, the later genre distinction between "poetry [and] drama" is ignored in this early classification, the "styles" of narration being the only distinction permitted to those engaged in the act of creation.