- •1.Theory of literature as a science.
- •2. The main subject of discipline "Theory of literature".
- •3. The objectives of discipline "Theory of literature".
- •4. Theory of literature and other literary disciplines: the history of literature, literary criticism.
- •6. The main categories of methodology of Literary Study.
- •7. Methodology of the analysis of a literary work
- •8. The main characteristics of the methods of literary study
- •9. The formation of various methods of literary study. The general characteristics of these methods.
- •11. Classification of the modern arts.
- •12. The art nature.
- •10. Literature as a type of artistic creativity
- •13. The art functions.
- •14. The kinds of art.
- •15. Concept about an artistic image.
- •16. The classification of artistic images
- •17. The place of literature among arts. The particularities of literature as an art.
- •18. Criteria of artistry of the works of literature
- •19. The writer's worldview and the creative process.
- •20. Hermeneutics as the methodological basis of Literary study, its genesis and evolution.
- •21. The main stages of the history of development of Hermeneutics.
- •22. The main objectives of Hermeneutics.
- •23. The author and the reader.
- •24. Elite and anti-elite concepts of art and literature.
- •25. Literary hierarchies.
- •26. The world of a literary work, the definition of term, the main components.
- •27. The system of personages in a literary work
- •28. Functions of things and scenery (landscape) in a literary work
- •29. The conception of chronotope in the modern Literary Study.
- •31. The meaning and function of the categories of time and space in a literary work.
- •32. M. Bakhtin on the importance of chronotope in a literary work, its types.
- •33. Artistic speech in its relation with other forms of speech.
- •34. Language of artistic literature and literary language, their differences.
- •35. Prose and poetry. The main differences
- •36. The layers of artistic speech.
- •37. The conception of a literary process.
- •38. The main periods of the world literary process.
- •39. The conception of a Literary method.
- •40. What is World literature?
- •41. What does historical poetics study?
- •42. What are literary interactions?
- •43. Traditions and innovations in the literary process.
- •44. Mythological - authorian stages of literary development. Name them.
- •45. The particularities of XIX-XX realism
- •46. What are literary trends, name them.
- •47. Division of literature on literary types.
- •48. The problem of literary types, its genesis in classical traditional literary study and in modern
- •49. Genesis of literary types.
- •50. The main theories of literary types.
- •51. The concept of literary genre.
- •52. The problem of typology of literary genres in the Literary Study.
- •54. Epos, its specificity and significance in XIX-XX centuries
- •55. Genesis, typological essence and evolution of epic genres.
- •56. Lyrics, its specificity and significance in XIX-XX centuries.
- •57. Genesis, typological essence and evolution of lyrical genres.
- •1. The types of author’s emotionality: heroic in a literary work. Give your examples.
- •2. The types of author’s emotionality: idyllic in a literary work. Give your examples.
- •3. The types of author’s emotionality: sentimental in a literary work. Give your examples.
- •4. The types of author’s emotionality: romantic in a literary work. Give your examples.
- •5. The types of author’s emotionality: tragic in a literary work. Give your examples.
- •6. The types of author’s emotionality: comic in a literary work. Give your examples.
- •7. Time and space organization of text. Give your example.
- •8. What is the horizon of reader’s expectation? Give your examples.
- •9. Presence of the reader in a literary work: the image of a reader, a reader-addressee, an implicit reader, a real reader. Give your examples.
- •10. How does literature reflect the relationship between the author and the reader? Give your examples.
- •11. Literary criticism as the mediator between the author and the reader. Give your examples on the role of literary critic in interpretation of a literary work.
- •12. Make up the chart of literary hierarchies. Give your examples to every category of literature
- •13. The conception of Mass Reader. Give some examples of literary works that are popular among mass readers.
- •14. The high literature. Give your examples of high literature.
- •15. Mass literature, its position in literary hierarchies. Give your examples.
- •16. Belles-lettres, its position in literary hierarchies. Give your examples of Russian or Kazakh belles-lettres.
- •17. Interpretation in Hermeneutics. Why do we, readers, need the interpretation of a literary text?
- •18. The novel: genre essence.
- •19. Dwell upon the conceptions of ‘author’, ‘idea’ and ‘meaning’ in literary study.Give your examples.
- •20. What is pathos? Give your examples of pathos in literary works.
- •21. What is conception of ‘idea’ at literary work?Give your examples.
- •22. What is the source of author’s creativity? Give your examples.
- •23. Elite and non-elite conceptions of literature. Give your examples.
- •24. Interpretation as the component of understanding for the purpose of finding the meaning. What is the role of literary critic in this process?
- •25. The theory of dialogue of m.Bakhtin. Consent as the form of dialogical relation. What is the purpose of dialogical relation between a reader and an author?
- •26. Drama as a type of literature. Outline the main particularities of drama on the example of your favorite drama.
- •27. Epos as a type of literature. Outline main particularities of epos on the example of your favorite epic kind of literature.
- •28. Compositional methods or devices: repetitions and variations. Give your examples of these methods in a literary text.
- •29. What is the role of motif in a literary work? Give your examples.
- •30. Give examples of montage in a literary work.
- •31. Give your examples of description of nature and landscape in a literary work.
- •32. Give some examples of various types of conflicts in literary works.
- •33. Give your examples of psychologism in a literary work. What are the main ways to express the inner state of personages?
- •34. How does the speech of a personage reflect the character in a literary work? Give your examples.
- •35. "Dialogueness" as the concept of Hermeneutics. Give your examples in literature.
- •36. Why does an author try to express consciousness and self-consciousness of a character? Why does
- •37. The examples of portraits in literature.
- •38. Why does an author depict things, material world of surroundings in a literary work. Give your
- •39. Give your examples of stylization in a literary text.
- •40. Give your examples of parody in a literary text.
- •41. Give your examples of reminiscence in a literary text.
- •42. Give your examples of intertextuality in a literary text.
- •50. The aspects of a literary work: time and space.
- •51. The aspects of a literary work: sujet (plot) and its functions.
- •47. What are the samples of international literary connections?
- •48. What is the artistic method of your favorite writer? Give examples.
- •49. What is artistic style of your favorite writer? Give your examples
- •52. The aspects of a literary work: the character and his/her axiological values. Give your examples.
- •53. The aspects of a literary work: the character and the writer ( the hero and the author.) Give your examples
- •54. The aspects of a literary work: consciousness and self- consciousness of character. Give your examples.
- •55. The aspect of a literary work: psychologism.Give your examples.
- •56. The aspect of a literary work: the portrait. Give your examples.
- •57. The aspects of a literary work: forms of character's behavior. Give your examples.
- •58. The aspects of a literary work: speaking person, dialogue and monologue. Give your examples.
- •59. The aspect of a literary work: thing.Give your examples.
- •60. The aspects of a literary work: nature and landscape. Give your examples.
- •1.What are the differences between the Theory of literature and Literary Criticism?
- •2. With what sciences Theory of literature interacts?
- •3. What is the significance of the Theory of literature as a scientific discipline?
- •4. What does the Literary Study methodology include?
- •5. What forms of literary work analysis are allocated in modern Literary Study?
- •6. Specify the main objectives of the literary work analysis.
- •7. What is the purpose of interpretation of a literary work?
- •8. What does the evaluation of the literary work include?
- •9. What approaches to study the literary work are applied in modern Literary Study?
- •10. The main concepts of essence of art.
- •11. Literature in the system of verbal arts.
- •12. Pathos of artistic creativity.
- •13. What is meant by the term art?
- •14. What is the essence of the concept of art as an imitation of life?
- •15. What concepts of art gain popularity in the classicism era?
- •17. Which theories of art became widespread in modern Literary Study?
- •18. Name the distinctive features of literature as a kind of verbal art.
- •19. Specify the main types of pathos
- •21. Name the specific functions of art.
- •31. The spiritual world of the writer and its reflection in art.
- •32. The creative process and its features.
- •33. Who founded Hermeneutics? Expand the concept of "Hermeneutics."
- •34. Expand the main points of Schleiermacher’s views on literary Hermeneutics.
- •35. What is the specificity of literary Hermeneutics?
- •38. Who are the imaginary and the implied readers?
- •39. Expand the concept of "understanding", "interpretation".
- •40. What is meant by Dialogism of perception?
- •41. Who are the representatives of literary hermeneutics?
- •42. What studies Receptive Aesthetics?
- •43. What is the difference between the mass reader and the elite reader?
- •44. What is the essence of elite conception of literature?
- •45. Why and when anti-elite and elite conceptions of literature were born?
- •46. What is the essence of anti- elite conception of literature?
- •47. What are the characteristics of classic literature?
- •48. What is meant by the term "belle-letters"?
- •49. Name the main features of the mass literature.
- •50. What factors influence the literary reputation of literary works and the fate of the writers?
- •51. Expand the meaning of "the world of literary work" conception.
- •52. Expand the meaning of "character" conception in a literary work.
- •53. What is the role of description of personage behavior in a literary work?
- •55. What is meant by the system of personages?
- •56. The role of nature in a literary work.
- •57. The role of thing in a literary work.
- •58. What is the specificity of prose?
- •59. What is the specificity of poetry?
- •60. The national and World literature. The main characteristics and their interactions.
54. Epos, its specificity and significance in XIX-XX centuries
Epos – one of 3 main literary genres, which structure is characterized by the dominant transmitting narrative form. Epos uses a variety of methods of presentation (narration, description, dialogue, monologue, author retreats), the author's speech and the speech of characters, unlike dramas where one used the method of presentation (dialogue), and one form of speech (characters).
55. Genesis, typological essence and evolution of epic genres.
Objective reflection of processes of communication between the person and the world, proceeding in time and space is a basis of epics (and drama types). There is pre-disposition to storytelling, plot. The written epos is one of basic types of literature, reflecting life in details, from the different aspects, more often in the form of detailed narration about the person, his destiny and events in which he took part in. Epic represents the coherent story about events that are close to reality (the role of the storyteller or narrator is limited). The basic genres of the epics are epopee (epos), novel, short story (narrative), story, novella, sketch, fable. Full freedom of epic work in the organization of chronotope. Universality of means for literary depiction and expression (monologue, including inner monologue, dialogue, polylogue, description of every day life, nature, appearance, behavior, states of mind of personages, their actions). Un-limitedness of length. Free speech structure. Inexhaustible possibilities in realization of cognitive function (познавательная функция)of the literature.
56. Lyrics, its specificity and significance in XIX-XX centuries.
Lyrics (from Greek lyra-ancient Greek string musical instrument, under sound of which songs and poems were fullfilled) is one of the basic types of literature, reflecting life with the help of images of separate states, feelings, thoughts, impressions and emotional experiences of man, causing by those and other circumstances. Its subject is inner “I” of an author and a speech form is inner monologue. Feelingas and emotional experiences are not described but expressed. Peculiarities of lyrics – expressed in verse form, rhythmicness, absence of fabula, not large size and clear reflection of emotional experiences of lyric hero. It has a lot of artistic genres: elegy, romans, sonnet, song, rhyme, ode, satire, epigram, epistle. We can subdivide lyrics of XIX-XX cc on 4 basic thematic categories: philosophic, landscape, гражданскую and love. In Russian literature of XIX c the strongest romanic lyric was Lermontov. Through his all lyric works motifs pass which conclude in it expanding the poet’s spirit contradiction between contempt to low life society.
57. Genesis, typological essence and evolution of lyrical genres.
Lyrics (from Greek lyra-ancient Greek string musical instrument, under sound of which songs and poems were fullfilled) is one of the basic types of literature, reflecting life with the help of images of separate states, feelings, thoughts, impressions and emotional experiences of man, causing by those and other circumstances. Its subject is inner “I” of an author and a speech form is inner monologue. Feelingas and emotional experiences are not described but expressed. Peculiarities of lyrics – expressed in verse form, rhythmicness, absence of fabula, not large size and clear reflection of emotional experiences of lyric hero. It has a lot of artistic genres: elegy, romans, sonnet, song, rhyme, ode, satire, epigram, epistle.
58. Drama, its specificity and significance in XIX-XX centuries. The drama — a literary (drama), scenic and cinema genre. I gained special distribution in literature of the XVIII—XXI centuries, having gradually forced out other genre of dramatic art — the tragedy , having opposed to it mainly household сюжетику and stylistics more approached to ordinary reality . With emergence of a cinema I passed as well into this art form, having become one of its most widespread genres (see the corresponding category).Dramas specifically represent, as a rule, private human life and its social conflicts. Thus the emphasis is often placed on the universal contradictions embodied in behavior and acts of specific characters.On the other hand, the drama as a genre in the history of literature breaks up to some isolated modifications:So, the XVIII century — time of the petty-bourgeois drama (J. Lillo, D. Diderot, P.-O. Beaumarchais, G. E. Lessing, early F. Schiller).In the XIX century development is gained by the realistic and naturalistic drama (A. N. Ostrovsky, G. Ibsen, G. Hauptmann, A. Strindberg, A. P. Chekhov).At a turn of the XIX—XX centuries the symbolist drama (M. Maeterlinck) develops.In the XX century — the syurrealistsky drama, the expressionistic drama (F. Verfel, V. Gazenklever), the absurdity drama (S. Beckett, E. Ionesko, E. Olbi, V. Gombrovich), etc.Many playwrights of the XIX—XX centuries used the word "drama" as designation of a genre of the scenic works.
59. Genesis, typological essence and evolution of dramatic genres. Historical conventions of playwriting can also be expressed in terms of genre. At many points in western history, genre definitions were inextricably linked to evaluations of the quality of dramatic writing. Hence, playwrights wrote plays that fit the conventions of their time and place. The twentieth and twenty-first centuries are unusual in that, in spite of the rapid rise of many new artistic ideas about theatre, new artistic movements have not supplanted earlier ones. Instead, we have a broad range of kinds of drama being produced all around us. The oldest definition of dramatic genre is Aristotle's Poetics , written circa 335 BC in Greece. The forms of tragedy and comedy that he described over 2000 years ago still exist today. Tragedy in its oldest sense deals with human beings taking on superhuman forces, such as gods or fate. In the end the humans lose, but, because of the magnitude of their struggle, the mere effort is ennobling for the character and for the people in the audience. The ancient tragic characters were invariably kings, heros, or demigods. The diction of the plays was poetic and formal in style. The plays were intensive in structure, with the climax following logically from the action on stage. The goal of tragedy, according to Aristotle, is catharsis, or a purgation of pity and fear in the audience. In other words, the audience should empathize completely with the protagonist, emotionally following all the turns of the character's fortunes, until, when the character is ultimately defeated, we are purged of all of the (negative) emotions we have been vicariously sharing.
60. Inter-genre and out-genre forms of literature: sketch, literature of stream of consciousness, esseys. Such as (lyric-epic, lyric-drama) aren't special literary types, they combine the features of representation inherent both to lyrics and epos (in lyric epic), lyrics and drama (in lyric drama). There are non- conventional, non- traditional literary forms such as sketches, essays, the literature of "a stream of consciousness”. Division of literature into types is the precondition for its further division on kinds (виды) and genres (жанры).