Class ‘d’ airspace in the uk

Class ‘D’ airspace around airfields comprises Control Zones which extend from the surface to a specified upper level, usually at a radius of five nautical miles centred on the airfield, and Control Areas which extend from a specified lower level to a specified upper, and form an area of protected airspace around the airfield.

The extent and dimensions of Class ‘D’ Airspace for airfields is detailed in the appropriate section of UK Aeronautical Information Publications for each particular airfield.

The specific rules may vary in detail, but in most cases pilots are not permitted to enter unless they are able to comply with the following requirements:

- call air traffic control at the airfield on the radio frequency in use, with the aircraft position, level and proposed track;

- obtain permission from ATC for continuing the flight in the Control Zone or Control Area;

- keep a listening watch on the radio frequency in use;

- obey all instructions from ATC.

WORD LIST

Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)		Сборник аэронавигационной информации
appropriate	[E7prEupriit]	подходящий, соответствующий
case	[keis]	случай
centred	[7sentEd]	расположенный в центре
comprize	[kEm7praiz]	включать, заключать в себя
Control Area	[kEn7trEul 7BEriE]	контрольный район
Control Zone	[kEn7trEul7zEun]	контрольная зона
detail	[7di:teil]	подробно рассказывать
dimension	[di7menSn]	размеры, величина
extend	[iks7tend]	простираться, протягиваться
extent	[iks7tent]	протяжение
keep a listening watch		прослушивать
nautical mile	[7nO:tikEl7mail]	морская миля (=1853,6 м)
obey	[E7bei]	повиноваться, подчиняться
obtain	[Eb7tein]	получать
proposed track	[prE7pEuzd 7trXk]	предложенный курс следования
radio frequency in use		рабочая частота
specific	[spi7sifik]	определенный, точный
specified	[7spesifaid]	определенный, установ- ленный
surface	[7sE:fis]	поверхность

UNIT 4

Instrument landing system (ils)

The ILS is the ICAO approach international standard electronic landing aid and is installed at nearly all major aerodromes.

The ILS functions with equipment in the aircraft and on the ground. On the aerodrome a localizer transmits radio beam and another transmitter provides a glidepath at a fixed angle of approach. On the aircraft instrument panel an ILS indicator shows the aircraft's position in relation to the centre line of the runway and to the glidepath. The ILS can, therefore, guide the aircraft along the proper approach path down to a point where the pilot must be able to see the ground and be able to continue his approach to land. If he cannot see the ground at the point, he must decide to overshoot, go around and try to land again.

In addition to the ILS localizer and glidepath, an ILS installation also comprises two or three fan markers: one called the outer marker is situated from four to six miles from the threshold of the runway; a second called the middle marker is situated approximately half a mile from the threshold of the runway, and the third, called the inner marker (installed only when required) is about 1,000 feet from the threshold of the runway. These fan markers alert the pilot of his passing over these markers by causing a light on the aircraft instrument panel to flash on and off while he is over each marker.

WORD LIST

in addition to	[E7diSEn]	в дополнение, к тому же, кроме
alert	[E7lE:t]	предупреждать об опасности
angle	[7XNgl]	угол
approximately	[E7prOksimitli]	приблизительно
cause	[kO:z]	вызывать, служить причиной
comprise	[kEm7praiz]	включать, заключать в себе
fan marker	[7fXn7ma:kE]	веерный маркер
flash	[flXS]	вспыхивать
guide	[6gaid]	вести, руководить, направлять
inner marker	[7inE 7ma:kE]	ближний маркер
install	[instO:l]	устанавливать
installation	[6instE7leiSEn]	установка
landing aid	[eid]	средство посадки
major	[7meid3E]	главный
middle marker	[7midl7ma:kE]	средний маркер
overshoot	[7EuvE7Su:t]	перелетать (установленную точку)
outer marker	[7autE7ma:kE]	дальний маркер
path	[pa:Q]	траектория, путь
proper	[7prOpE]	соответствующий действительности
provide	[prEvaid]	обеспечивать
in relation to	[ri7leiSn]	по отношению к
therefore	[79BEfO:]	поэтому, следовательно