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1. What information in the text "The Flag of the United Kingdom and the Royal Coat of Arms" was new for you?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. Why do you think that it is important for a student to know this additional material?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland uses as its national flag the royal banner known as the Union Flag or Union Jack — technically the latter term, although the more common name for the flag, refers to its use as naval flag when flown at sea. The current design of the flag dates from the Union of Ireland and Great Britain in 1801. It consists of the red crosses of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St. Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew(patron saint of Scotland).Wales, however, is not represented in the Union Flag by Wales' patron saint,Saint David, as at the time the flag was designed Wales was part of the United Kingdom.

The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom

The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the officialcoat of arms of theBritish monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. Variants of the Royal Arms are used by other members of theRoyal Family; and by theBritish Government in connection with the administration and government of the country. The Royal Arms as shown above may only be used by the Queen herself. They also appear in court rooms, since the monarch is the fount of justice in the UK and the law Court is part of the Court of the monarch. Judges are officially representatives of the crown, demonstrated by the Queen's Coat of Arms which sits behind the judge on the wall of every court in the land, with the exceptions of the magistrate's court in the City of London, in which a sword stands vertically behind the judge which is flanked by the arms of the City and the Crown. The British Government also uses the Royal Coat of Arms as a national symbol of the United Kingdom, and, in that capacity, the Coat of Arms can be seen on several government documents and forms, passports, in the entrance to embassies and consulates, etc. However, when used by the government and not by the sovereign herself, the coat of arms is often represented without the helm. A banner of the arms, the Royal Standard is flown from the Royal Palaces when the Queen is in residence; and from public buildings only when the Queen is present. At royal residences such as Windsor Castle Buckingham Palace, the Queen's main residence, the Royal Standard is flown to indicate when the monarch is in residence.

TEXT 7

Glimpse of London

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London was founded in the first century A.D. by the Romans. In the 11th century it became the capital of England. Medieval London grew as a trading centre and in 1215 its citizens won the right to elect their own leader, the Lord Mayor.

London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is the largest city in Europe. The population of London is about 7.4 million of people. The river Thames on which London stands is navigable and that played an important part in the city’s development. London consists of 33 separate boroughs (districts). Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, The West End, and the East End.

The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. The Bank of London and the Stock are in the City too. Among the multitude of London streets there are well-known streets even outside the City. Oxford Street and Regent Street are major shopping areas, Fleet Street continuous to be used as a synonym for the British press. Downing Street 8 is the official residence of the Prime Minister. Buckingham Palace is the Queen’s official London residence.

Everybody knows the double-decker buses of England, and the most famous red ones have run through London since 1956. The London Underground, or the Tube, runs both above and below the ground. It is the oldest and the biggest underground system in the world- its operations began in 1863.

Выпишите слова, имеющие интернациональное значение. Переведите их.

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verb	noun (person)	noun (thing, concept)	participle or adjective
navigate
divide
operate
trade

TEXT 8

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA