Exercises

1. Answer the questions:

1. How can the study of zoology be viewed?

2. Who was the first to devise a system of classifying animals?

3. Can different animals have similar embryological origins?

4. Why isn't the treatise "Historia Naturalis" considered to be a scientific work?

5. The anatomical studies of Leonardo da Vinci were far in advance of the age, weren't they?

6. What is the concept of homology?

7. How could John Ray differentiate mammals?

8. What is the common structural unit of living things?

9. What gave trained observers the opportunity to study plant and animal life?

10. Why has zoology of the 20^th century become more diversified and less confined?

2. Join the parts of the definitions:

Ornithology	is		fossils
Entomology	deals with		fish
Malacology	is concerned with	the study of	reptiles and amphibi­ans
Ichtiology			mammals
Herpetology	treats		mollusks
Mammalogy	means		birds
Paleontology			insects

3. Say what you have learnt about:

• the beginning of zoology;

• zoology in the Middle Ages;

• domination of classification;

• zoology in the 20^th century;

• taxonomically oriented zoological studies;

• zoological studies focused upon the structures and processes common to most of ani­mals.

4. Give the English equivalents of the following words:

посвящать имя науке, составлять трактат, способ размножения, располагать в опре­делённом порядке, рассматривать данную отрасль науки, различать животных по при­знакам, постигнуть идею, влиятельная фигура, принципы сравнительной анатомии, на­учные экспедиции, множество технологий для получения знаний о царстве животных, беспозвоночные животные, пережить экстремальные температуры, изучение поведения жи­вотных, противоречивые результаты исследований, мельчайшие и наиболее неясные де­тали, обрисовывание и описание видов животных.

5. A) Study the scheme thoroughly:

Current Studies of Zoology
focus on particular taxonomic groups		focus on structures and processes common to most of animals
invertebrate evolutionary zoology	vertebrate zoology	morphology	physiology	evolution­ary zoology
entomology malacology	ichtyology herpetology ornithology	gross morphology histology cytology	cellular physiology animal physiology ethology embryology ecology

b) Using the scheme above, prove that current studies of zoology are being carried out in different directions.