- •020201 "Биология"
- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Unit 1 Biology Word Study
- •Learn the meaning of the following words:
- •Practice the following for pronunciation:
- •3. Think of the translation of the following word combinations:
- •4. Give nouns corresponding to the verbs:
- •Text a Biology
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions:
- •Continue the sentences based on the text:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Speak on the following:
- •9. Render the article into English:
- •Text b The Beginning of Biology
- •Exercises
- •Answer the following questions:
- •2. Give all possible variants and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents for:
- •4. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Make up a question plan for the text.
- •Try to develop the idea of every item in 5-7 sentences of your own.
- •8. Render the text in English. Use some introductory phrases:
- •Unit 2 Classification Word Study
- •1. Learn the meaning of the words:
- •Practice the following for pronunciation. Use these words in the sentences of your own:
- •Text a Classification
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Give definitions of the following:
- •4. Choose the right variant:
- •5. Speak about:
- •6. Render the text into English:
- •1. Learn the meaning of the words:
- •2. Practice the following for pronunciation:
- •History of Classification Systems
- •Exercises
- •2. Work in pairs. Make up all types of questions to the given sentences and answer them:
- •Find in the text the synonyms of the following words:
- •Explain the following in English:
- •5. Render the articles into English:
- •6. Give the extended answer proving that:
- •Unit 3 Botany Word Study
- •1. Learn the meaning of the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the words:
- •3. Translate the given word combinations:
- •Text a Botany
- •I. Introduction
- •III. Classical Studies
- •IV. Botany Today
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate from Russian into English:
- •2. Are the following statements true or false? If yes, say why.
- •3. Give definitions:
- •4. Ask questions of all types about the statements:
- •5. Translate the questions into English and give the extended answers to the following questions working in pairs:
- •Text b The Higher Land Plants
- •Exercises
- •6. Complete the sentences:
- •Unit 4 Zoology Word Study
- •1. Learn the meaning of the words:
- •2. Read and practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Text a Zoology
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Join the parts of the definitions:
- •3. Say what you have learnt about:
- •4. Give the English equivalents of the following words:
- •5. A) Study the scheme thoroughly:
- •6. Render the text into English:
- •Text b The Animal Investigators
- •Exercises
- •Check up your comprehension:
- •2. Ask one another questions about the text, try to give detailed answers.
- •3. Render the content of the article in 20-25 sentences.
- •Ethology
- •Word Study
- •Learn the meaning of the words:
- •Practice the following for pronunciation:
- •Translate the word combinations into Russian:
- •Text a Ethology
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •2. Suggest as many word combinations as possible and put them in the sentences of your own:
- •3. Make up sentences matching one part with the other:
- •4. Make up 10 questions about the text and ask your group mates to answer them.
- •5. Give the detailed description or examples for the following:
- •6. Render the text into English:
- •Text b Types of Communication Chemical communication
- •Mechanical communication
- •Visual communication
- •Imprinting
- •Unit 6 Evolution Word Study
- •1. Learn the meaning of the words:
- •2. Translate the word combinations and use them in sentences of your own:
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Complete the sentences based on the text:
- •3. Give definitions of the following:
- •4. Give 2-3 sentences that develop from the leading statement using such introductory phrases as:
- •3. Form the opposite of the following words by using the prefixes:
- •Text a Evolution
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Continue the sentences using your knowledge about evolution:
- •Правила эволюции
- •Text b How Scientists Study Evolution
- •1. While reading the article complete the table with proper information:
- •A. Fossils
- •B. Distribution of Species
- •C. Anatomical Similarities
- •D. Molecular Similarities
- •E. Direct Observation
- •F. Determining Life's Origins
- •2. Comment on the ways of studying the evolutionary mechanisms using the table from ex. 1.
- •3. Give definitions of the following:
- •4. Work in pairs. Make up all possible questions to the sentences and answer them.
- •5. Say what you have learnt about:
- •Unit 7 Development of Evolutionary Theory Word Study
- •1. Learn the meaning of the words:
- •2. Practice the following for pronunciation:
- •3. Translate the word combinations into Russian and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •Text a Development of Evolutionary Theory I
- •Exercises
- •1. Try to find out several semantic parts in the text (there must be 6 of them).
- •2. Suggest the titles for the extracts. Justify your choice.
- •3. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •9. Say what you have learnt about (part 6):
- •10. Make up a complex plan of the text.
- •11. Render the articles into English:
- •Значение эволюционной теории Ламарка
- •Основные положения эволюционного учения ч. Дарвина
- •Text b Development of Evolutionary Theory II Population Genetics and the Modern Synthesis
- •New Techniques in Molecular Biology
- •Sociobiology
- •Punctuated Equilibria
- •Role of Extinction
- •Exercises
- •1. Continue making the complex plan of the text "Developing of Evolutionary Theory".
- •2. Find evidence for or against the statements:
- •3. Get ready to speak on every point of the plan.
- •Render the studied text in English. Use introductory phrases.
- •What theory of origin of life do you personally embrace? Give arguments to support your point of view. Unit 10 Physiology and Anatomy
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions:
- •Talk it over:
- •Prove that:
- •4. Render the text into English:
- •Unit 11 Human Anatomy
- •I. Circulatory System
- •What is blood?
- •The functions of blood
- •1. Transport
- •2. Protection
- •Circulation of blood
- •The heart
- •Diseases of the circulation system
- •Exercises
- •1. Continue the sentences based on the text:
- •2. Say whether the statements are true or false:
- •3. Work in pairs. Make up 2-3 questions to every paragraph and answer them.
- •5. Render into English.
- •6. Speak about circulatory system according to the plan.
- •II. Respiratory System
- •Gas exchange in the lungs
- •Cellular respiration
- •Respiration in all living things
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •6. Topics for discussion:
- •III. Digestive and Excretory Systems
- •Exercises
- •1. Work in pairs. Ask questions to the following statements and give full answers.
- •2. Make up sentences matching one part with the other.
- •3. Develop the idea expressing your point of view about the following:
- •4. Reproduce the article using the key-words:
- •5. Render the text into English.
- •IV. Immune System
- •Exercises
- •1. Render the text into English.
- •V. Nervous System
- •Exercises
- •1. Render the text into English.
- •Senses and responses
- •1. Detecting changes and responding
- •2. Detecting light – the eye
- •3. Detecting sound and balancing – the ear
- •4. Detecting smell and taste – the nose and mouth
- •5. Detecting temperature and touch – the skin
- •Exercises
- •1. Render the text into English.
- •VI. Reproduction Sexual and asexual reproduction
- •Sexual reproduction
- •Asexual reproduction
- •Exercises
- •1. Render the text into English.
- •Unit 12 Histology Word Study
- •1. Learn the meaning of the words:
- •2. Practice the following words for pronunciation and translate them into English:
- •3. Translate the word combinations into English and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •Histology
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •2. Work in pairs: make up 2-3 questions to each paragraph and answer them using the introductory phrases.
- •3. Extract specific information and reproduce it about the following:
- •4. Render the text into English.
- •Supplementary texts Most cot deaths due to "natural causes"
- •More evidence of genetic basis for cot death
- •Sex selection
- •Cloning monkeys
- •Monkey embryo cloning success
- •How emotions can hurt the heart
- •Progenitor cells offer heart attack hope
- •Viral infections
- •Vocabulary
- •Библиография
Vocabulary
A |
|
abrasion |
истирание |
abrupt |
внезапный |
abuse |
злоупотребление |
acceptable |
приемлемый |
acclaim |
восхвалять |
achievement |
достижение |
acquire |
приобретать |
acute CMV infection |
острая инфекция, вызываемая цитомегаловирусом |
acute disease |
острое заболевание |
acute therapy |
лечение острых заболеваний |
adjacent |
примыкающий |
adjust |
поправлять |
advance |
достижение |
advancement |
продвижение |
aggregate |
совокупный |
algae |
водоросль |
alimentary canal (tract) |
пищеварительный канал (тракт) |
alleviate |
облегчать |
alter |
изменяться |
ancestor |
предок |
appreciate |
ценить, понимать |
approach |
подход |
arterial blood |
артериальная кровь |
arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries) |
артериосклероз |
artificial fertilization |
искусственное оплодотворение |
associate |
связывать, ассоциировать |
assume |
предполагать |
asymptomatic infection |
бессимптомная инфекция |
attempt |
пытаться |
attribute |
свойство |
B |
|
bacterial endocarditis |
бактериальный эндокардит |
bacterial invasion |
проникновение бактерий в организм |
blasphemous |
кощунственный |
blood cell |
клетка крови, гемоцит |
blood platelet |
тромбоцит, кровяная пластинка |
blood poisoning |
септицемия |
blood supply |
кровоснабжение |
blood vessel |
кровеносный сосуд |
blood-forming organ |
кроветворный орган |
bodily substance |
телесное (физическое) вещество |
body cell |
соматическая клетка |
body's defenses |
защитные силы организма |
body's tissue |
ткань тела |
bone marrow |
костный мозг |
branch off |
ответвляться |
breakthrough |
прорыв |
breast-bone |
грудина |
breeding |
скрещивание |
burgeoning |
разрастающийся |
C |
|
cancer cell |
раковая клетка |
capricious |
капризный |
cardiac muscle |
сердечная мышца |
cardiovascular disease |
сердечно-сосудистое заболевание |
carry out |
выполнять |
cartilage |
хрящ |
causality |
причинность |
cell |
клетка |
cell body |
тело клетки, клеточное тело, протопласт |
cell metabolism |
обмен веществ в клетке |
chromosome (colored body) |
хромосома |
chromosome thread |
хромосомная нить |
circulatory system |
система кровообращения |
clergy |
духовенство |
clue |
путеводная нить, след |
cogent |
бесспорный |
collaboration |
сотрудничество |
congenital deformity |
врожденное уродство |
congenital heart defect |
врожденный порок сердца |
congenital infection |
врожденная инфекция |
conjecture |
предположение |
connective tissue |
соединительная ткань |
consider |
считать, полагать |
contraction |
сокращение |
contribute |
вносить вклад |
convince |
убеждать |
coronary artery |
коронарная артерия, венечная артерия |
coronary thrombosis |
коронарный тромбоз |
crop |
урожай |
cumbersome |
громоздкий |
D |
|
daughter cell |
дочерняя клетка |
dawn |
рассвет |
deciduous |
лиственный |
define |
определять |
derminate |
прорастать |
determine |
определять |
devastating |
уничтожающий |
dicots |
двудольные |
digestive system |
пищеварительная система |
digestive tract |
пищеварительный тракт |
disrupt |
нарушать |
diverge |
расходиться |
diversity |
многообразие |
diviner |
прорицатель |
domestication |
одомашнивание |
dominion |
владение |
E |
|
embalm |
бальзамировать |
employ |
задействовать |
encompass |
охватывать |
encounter |
сталкиваться |
endowment |
вклад |
engage |
занимать |
engulf |
поглощать |
environment |
окружающая среда |
epithelial tissue |
эпителиальная ткань |
establish |
основывать |
estimate |
исчислять |
evade |
избегать |
exploit |
использовать |
exquisitely |
прекрасно |
external |
внешний |
extinction |
вымирание |
F |
|
female |
самка |
filament |
волокно |
filterable virus |
фильтрующийся вирус |
firmly |
прочно |
fluctuation |
колебание |
forage |
корм |
frequently |
часто |
functional disorder |
функциональное расстройство |
fungus |
гриб |
G |
|
generalized infection |
распространенная инфекция |
genetic engineering |
генная инженерия |
genetic profile |
генетический показатель |
genus |
род |
germ |
микроб, бактерия |
germ cell |
зародышевая клетка |
gesture |
жест |
goblet cell |
бокаловидная клетка, клетка цилиндрического эпителия |
graduate (n) |
выпускник |
grasp |
ухватить |
gross |
валовой |
H |
|
hairy cell |
волосатая клетка |
hardened tissue |
отвердевшая ткань |
heart disease |
болезнь сердца |
heart failure |
сердечная недостаточность, остановка сердца |
heart muscle |
сердечная мышца |
hence |
следовательно |
herald |
возвещать |
hereditary disease |
наследственное заболевание |
heredity |
наследственность |
hidden bleeding |
скрытое кровотечение |
high fever |
сильный жар, высокая температура |
higher organism |
высший организм |
highlight |
проливать свет |
hinge |
зависеть от |
hip bone |
безымянная кость |
hive |
улей |
HIV-infected patient |
ВИЧ-инфицированный больной |
homunculus |
карлик |
host |
хозяин |
human cytomegalovirus |
цитомегаловирус человека |
human immunodeficiency virus |
вирус иммуннодефицита человека (ВИЧ) |
hypertension (high blood pressure) |
гипертония |
I |
|
ill health |
ухудшение состояния здоровья |
immense |
огромный |
immunological disorder |
расстройство иммунной системы |
imply |
предполагать |
infectious (infective) agent |
инфекционный фактор |
inherit |
наследовать |
innate |
врождённый |
inorganic chemicals |
неорганические химические препараты |
interaction |
взаимодействие |
internal |
внутренний |
intestinal ecosystem |
экосистема кишечника |
intestinal wall |
стенка кишки |
intrauterine infection |
внутриутробная инфекция |
invasion |
проникновение |
invertebrate |
беспозвоночный |
irreverent |
непочтительный |
J |
|
jellylike substance |
желеобразная субстанция |
K |
|
kidney failure |
почечная недостаточность |
L |
|
large intestine |
1. толстая кишка 2. второй отдел задней кишки |
leafy shoot |
росток с листьями |
life span |
продолжительность жизни |
ligament |
связка |
lineage |
родословная, происхождение |
living matter |
живое вещество |
lower organism |
низший организм |
lymph node |
лимфатический узел |
lymph tissue |
лимфатическая ткань |
M |
|
maintain |
утверждать |
male |
самец |
many-celled |
многоклеточный |
marrow |
костный мозг |
maze |
лабиринт |
mental retardation |
умственная отсталость |
minor disturbance |
незначительное расстройство |
misconception |
заблуждение |
monocots |
однодольные |
mother cell |
материнская клетка |
mucous membrane |
слизистая оболочка |
muscle tissue |
мышечная ткань |
N |
|
neglect |
пренебрегать, забывать |
nerve cell |
нервная клетка |
nerve fibre |
нервное волокно |
nerve pathway |
путь нервного импульса |
nourishment |
питание |
O |
|
organic heart disease |
органическое заболевание сердца |
originate |
зарождаться |
outer membrane |
наружная (внешняя) оболочка |
overbalance |
разбалансировка |
ovum |
яйцо |
P |
|
pattern |
образец |
peculiarity |
отличительная черта |
perch |
насест |
petal |
лепесток |
physical defect |
физический недостаток, дефект |
point out |
указывать, выделять |
polio virus |
вирус полиомиелита |
potted willow |
горшечная ива |
precise |
точный |
predictable |
предсказуемый |
prevention of recurrences |
профилактика рецидивов |
primary infection |
первичная инфекция |
prominent |
выдающийся |
propose |
предлагать |
R |
|
random |
случайный |
ravage |
разорение, опустошение |
recombinant antigen |
рекомбинантный антиген |
red blood cell |
красное кровяное тельце, эритроцит |
reproductive genetics |
репродуктивная генетика |
reproductive system |
система половых органов |
restore |
восстанавливать |
revolve |
вращаться |
rheumatic fever (rheumatic heart disease) |
ревмокардит |
S |
|
scarred tissue |
рубцовая ткань |
scholar |
учёный |
scope |
поле зрения |
secondary infection |
вторичная инфекция |
segregation |
агрегация, отделение |
semen |
сперма |
severe infection |
тяжелая инфекция |
sex cell |
половая клетка |
sex-linked characteristic |
признак, сцепленный с полом |
sheath |
оболочка |
shrub |
куст |
similarity |
сходство |
slide |
продвигаться |
small intestine |
тонкая кишка |
smooth muscle |
гладкая мышца |
solute |
раствор |
species |
вид |
spider |
паук |
spinal cord |
спинной мозг |
spindle-shaped |
веретенообразный |
spontaneous bleeding |
спонтанное кровотечение |
squabble |
вздорить |
stem |
стебель |
striated muscle (striped muscle) |
поперечно-полосатая мышца |
superstition |
суеверие |
survival time |
1. время выживания 2. время жизни |
sustain |
поддерживать |
T |
|
target |
нацеливать |
tend |
иметь тенденцию |
tendon |
сухожилие |
the bulk |
большая часть |
tiny |
мельчайший |
tissue |
ткань |
trace back |
прослеживать |
trait |
черта |
transplant recipient |
реципиент трансплантата |
treatise |
трактат |
tremendous |
огромный, громадный |
trial |
испытание |
trunk |
ствол дерева |
U |
|
ultimately |
в конечном итоге |
upper respiratory tract |
верхние дыхательные пути |
V |
|
vascular disease |
сосудистое заболевание |
venous blood |
венозная кровь |
vigor |
бодрость |
vigorous |
энергичный |
virulent strain |
вирулентный штамм |
virus disease |
вирусное заболевание |
virus duplication |
дупликация вируса |
virus reproduction |
размножение (репродукция) вируса |
vitamin deficiency disease |
авитаминоз |
W |
|
wading |
болотный |
waggle |
вилять |
weight |
утяжелять |
welfare |
благополучие |
white blood cell |
белое кровяное тельце, лейкоцит |
X |
|
X-rays |
рентгеновские лучи |
Y |
|
yellow fever |
желтая лихорадка |
yield |
урожайность |
yolk |
желток |
