6 Give as many synonyms as possible to the following words:

to regard, to form, to influence, to tackle, to deteriorate, to disarm, to save, to compose, to establish, to concentrate, to gain, to erode, to predict, to cooperate, to evaluate, to picture, to govern, to elaborate, to seek, to combat, to slaughter, to escalate, to commit, to allocate, to grip, to prove (оказаться);

abuse, concern, help, demand, devolution, range, agreement, competition, loyalty, ties, affinity, ancestor, poverty, militant;

shared, global, fragile, strong, disparate, major, diverse, complex, replete, incipient, omnipotent, dubious, aware, overt, rampant, bold.

7 Give antonyms adding negative affixes if necessary:

to regard, to arm, to include, to cover, to agree, to accept, to satisfy, to lead, to loosen, to integrate;

minority, evolution, difference, possibility, loyalty, significance, awareness, poverty, justice, centralization, content;

human, fragile, enormous, visible, important, vulnerable, external, powerful, satisfactory, capable, effective, solvable, questionable, relevant, sufficient, conventional, commonplace, prepared, mobile, adequate, popular, voluntary, stable.

8 Explain the meaning of the following adverbs and make up sentences with them:

literally, impressively, critically, relatively, unquestionably, vitally, customarily, exclusively, conventionally, ultimately, adequately, generally.

9 Insert prepositions where necessary:

1 The September 1997 decision … three-fourth … Scotland‘s voters to establish their own parliament was interpreted … Scottish nationalists as a bold step … dissolving the union … the United Kingdom … creating an independent Scotland … the size and wealth … Denmark and Ireland.

2 As O.Nnoli elaborates … the meaning … ethnonationalism, ethnicity is “a phenomenon associated … contact … cultural-linguistic communal groups, characterized … cultural prejudice and social discrimination“.

3 … the same time, a large number … NGOs are composed … minority racial or religious groups whose demands shake the sovereign control … fragile or failing states and lead … a devolution … power … many other strong states.

4 The devolution and decentralization … state control … response … minority discontent has strengthened the state … the European region where separatist movements have been especially rampant … the 1990s … the Cold War glue … state loyalties dissolved.

5 … the most basic level, nonstate entities are associations … individuals and/or groups that are not established … agreements … states.

6 Moreover, a substantial number … indigenous movements … the last decade have negotiated settlements resulting … devolution … the state, … which the protagonists gained concessions … greater local political power … exchange … accepting the sovereignty … the state.

7 … part, this quest is inspired … and is a reaction … the evidence that … 1900 and 1987 … 130 million … indeginous people were slaughtered … state-sponsored genocide … their own countries.

8 The activities … these 4 NGOs have been responsible … many ways … increasingly calling … question the idea that the state has full and exclusive control … its destiny.

9 A large number … people … the world regard themselves as participants … the international arena, because they are involved as members … one or more … the literally thousands … “non-governmental organizations”.

10 NGOs are making borders porous and states vulnerable both … external pressures and … challenges … … their boundaries.