- •1. Concepts of symptoms and syndromes
- •2. Pulmonology
- •1. Syndrome of compaction of lung tissue (decrease in airiness)
- •2. Syndrome of increased airiness of lung tissue (emphysema)
- •3. Broncho obstructive syndrome
- •4. Lung cavity syndrome
- •5. The syndrome of fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity
- •8. Syndrome of lung atelectasis
- •6. The syndrome of accumulation of air in the pleural cavity
- •7. Bronchiectasis Syndrome
- •9. Syndrome of dry pleurisy (pleuritis)
- •10. Respiratory failure syndrome
- •11. Pulmonary heart failure (pulmonary heart)
- •12. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
- •3. Cardiology
- •1. Syndromes of coronary insufficiency
- •2. Angina pectoris syndrome (stenocardia)
- •4. Myocardial damage syndrome
- •5. Resorption-necrotic syndrome
- •6. Post-infarction syndrome (Dressler's syndrome).
- •7. Аrterial hypertension Syndrome (ah)
- •8. Arterial hypotension syndrome
- •9. Heart failure syndrome
- •V.Kh. Vasilenko (1935).
- •10. Cardiomegaly syndrome
- •Syndrome of fluid accumulation in the pericardium (hydropericardium) The reasons for the accumulation of exudate:
- •12. Rhythm and conduction disturbances syndromes
- •I. Arrhythmias due to a violation of the automatism of the sinus node:
- •Atrial flutter (irregular and regular forms). Symptoms
- •Ventricular flutter and fibrillation. Symptoms
- •IV. Conductivity disorders - blockade:
- •13. Syndromes of valvular heart disease.
- •14. Mitral valve prolapse
- •15. Syndrome of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation
- •16. The syndrome of acute vascular insufficiency
- •4. Gastroenterology
- •4.1. Syndromes for diseases of the esophagus, stomach and gut
- •1. Dysphagia Syndrome
- •Gastroduodenal pain syndrome
- •3. Gastric hypersecretion syndrome
- •4. Gastric hyposecretion syndrome
- •5. Syndrome of gastric evacuation
- •6. Functional dyspepsia syndrome:
- •Bleeding syndrome from the lower gastrointestinal tract
- •9. The syndrome of "acute abdomen"
- •10. Dyspeptic syndrome (indigestion)
- •11. Irritable bowel syndrome:
- •2. Pain abdominal syndrome:
- •13. Asthenoneurotic syndrome:
- •4.2 Syndromes for diseases of the liver and bilitary ways
- •1. Biliary colic syndrome
- •2. Subhepatic jaundice (mechanical)
- •3. Hepatic jaundice (parenchymal)
- •4. Suprahepatic jaundice (hemolytic)
- •6. Cholestatic syndrome
- •8. Hypersplenism syndrome
- •9. Portal hypertension
- •10. Hepatic failure syndrome
- •12. Cytolysis syndrome (cytolytic syndrome)
- •13. Mesenchymal inflammatory syndrome
- •1. Pancreatic pain syndrome
- •1. The insufficiency of exocrine pancreatic function
- •Syndrome of pancreatic incretory function.
- •5. The syndrome of gastric pancreatic dyspepsia:
- •1. Renal colic syndrome
- •2. Urinary Syndrome
- •4. Nephrotic syndrome
- •5. Acute nephritic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis)
- •Chronic nephritic syndrome (chronic glomerulonephritis)
- •7. Edema syndrome (renal edema)
- •Hypertension Syndrome
- •9. Renal eclampsia syndrome
- •Acute renal failure (arf)
- •11. Chronic renal failure
- •6. Endocrinology
- •1. Syndrome of hypothyroidism:
- •Thyrotoxicosis syndrome (hyperthyroidism):
- •3. The syndrome of insulin deficiency:
- •1. Anemic syndrome
- •2. Sideropenic syndrome (iron deficiency)
- •Iron deficiency anemia
- •Hemolytic anemia
- •6. Hemorrhagic syndrome
- •7. Inflammatory syndrome
- •Neurological syndrome
- •10. Immunodeficiency syndrome
- •Leukemia syndrome (hemoblastosis) 11.1 Acute Leukemia Syndrome
- •11.2 Chronic myeloproliferative syndrome
- •11.3 Chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome
- •2. Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
- •Urticaria syndrome
- •2. Quincke's angioedema
- •3. Anaphylactic shock
- •4. Joint syndrome
- •9. The meaning of eponymous terms and syndromes in clinical medicine
10. Dyspeptic syndrome (indigestion)
REASONS: gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, gallstone disease, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, colitis, enteritis, tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, dysbacteriosis, etc. It arises as a result of a violation of gastric and intestinal digestion, a disorder of the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract, dysbiosis, etc.
SIGNS:
impaired appetite;
Bad taste in the mouth;
Belching - throwing the contents of the stomach into the oral cavity (which is associated with insufficiency of the sphincter of the cardia). When the gaseous contents of the stomach get in, they speak of ―belching with air‖, if it contains food particles - ―belching with food‖, and with
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the formation of organic acids as a result of fermentation - ―belching with rancid oil‖.
Heartburn - severe burning behind the sternum, which is associated with the ingestion of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus as a result of insufficiency of the cardiac sphincter;
Nausea - occurs more often with diseases with reduced secretory function of the stomach, and is also associated with the intake of certain foods (fats);
Vomiting - associated with increased tone of the vagus nerve, which is accompanied by severe secretory and motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Its nature, the content of vomit and its quantity are of diagnostic value;
Constipation occurs as a result of reflex dyskinesia of the intestine, due to an increase in the tone of the vagus nerve, nutritional features, restriction of motor activity, medications, hypersecretion;
Diarrhea - is the result of a decrease in the acid-forming function of the stomach, pancreatic disease, a consequence of secondary vitamin deficiency, motor, inflammatory and functional intestinal diseases.
Flatulence - increased flatulence in the intestines.
Dyspepsia, depending on the prevalence of dysfunction of a particular digestive organ, is schematically divided into clinical forms - gastric, intestinal, pancreatic and liver.
Gastric dyspepsia.
Symptom complex, including symptoms: a feeling of fullness, heaviness in the epigastrium, belching, heartburn, nausea, vomiting. Possible mechanisms: secretory insufficiency [function, impaired motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Intestinal dyspepsia:
maldigestion - a violation of digestion in the small intestine;
malabsorption - malabsorption.
The symptom complex including symptoms: flatulence, rumbling and abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea (see. Fermentative dyspepsia, putrefied dyspepsia). It is a sign of inflammation of the intestinal wall, impaired intestinal motility, insufficiency of a number of enzymes: enterokinase, sucrase, phosphatase, etc. It occurs in diseases of the intestine.
Fermentative dyspepsia (in violation of the digestion of carbohydrates).
Symptom complex, including symptoms: severe flatulence, cramping pains, diarrhea, worsening after a meal rich in carbohydrates, characteristic changes in the coprogram. A type of intestinal dyspepsia. It is observed with prolonged adherence to a carbohydrate diet.
Putrid dyspepsia (in violation of protein digestion).
Symptom complex, including symptoms: moderate flatulence, persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea, alternating with constipation, worsening after eating a protein-rich meal, characteristic changes in the coprogram. A type of intestinal dyspepsia. It is observed with prolonged adherence to a protein diet.
Malabsorption syndrome
REASONS: primary (hereditary deficiency of individual digestive enzymes)
Secondary (due to dysfunction and diseases of the stomach, intestines, digestive organs, endocrine and other systems, exposure to toxic, medicinal substances)
Symptom complex that develops due to lack of absorption of many food ingredients (proteins,
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carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements). Symptoms: diarrhea, weight loss, up to cachexia, hypoproteinemic edema, creatorrhea, steatorrhea, amylorrhea, neuritis, hair loss. Syndromes: asthenic, polyhypovitaminosis, anemic.