Neurological syndrome
REASONS: megaloblastic, iron deficiency anemia, hemoblastosis
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SYMPTOMS:
paresthesia, ataxia, polyneuritis
encephalopathy (strokes, paralysis, headaches)
perversions of taste (geophagy), smell (with iron deficiency anemia)
picture of funicular myelosis (with megaloblastic anemia)
10. Immunodeficiency syndrome
CAUSES. With hemoblastosis, an immunodeficiency state develops, characterized by a sharp
violation of cellular and humoral immunity, the phagocytic function of leukocytes, and a
decrease in complement activity.
SYMPTOMS
Various infectious and inflammatory processes, which, as a rule, take a severe course, often develop a septic state. Infectious and inflammatory diseases, primarily severe pneumonia, often lead to the death of patients.
However, it should be noted that fever can be a manifestation of leukemia, a transfusion reaction, spleen infarction, thrombophlebitis, which requires differential diagnosis with infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Leukemia syndrome (hemoblastosis) 11.1 Acute Leukemia Syndrome
CAUSES. Acute leukemia: myeloblastic, monoblastic, erythromyelosis, megakaryoblastic, lymphoblastic, undifferentiated, etc.
SYMPTOMS.
Leading syndromes: acute onset: often in the debut necrotic tonsillitis, stomatitis, fever. - anemic,
- hemorrhagic,
- immunodeficiency and inflammatory (septic conditions may develop), - intoxication (weakness, sweating, fever),
- hyperplastic,
- ossalgia, arthralgia,
- laboratory changes. UAC: cytopenia (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia) or leukocytosis, characterized by a leukemic failure (hiatus leucemicus) - the absence of intermediate forms between blasts and mature cells, i.e. no promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes (young) cells. Accelerated ESR, increased CRP and LDH. A myelogram is the predominance of blast cells.
11.2 Chronic myeloproliferative syndrome
CAUSES. Chronic myeloid leukemia, true polycythemia, myelofibrosis.
SYMPTOMS (for chronic lmieloleukemia).
Leading syndromes: slow, gradual development.
anemic,
hemorrhagic,
immunodeficiency and inflammatory (septic conditions may develop),
intoxication (weakness, sweating, fever),
ossalgia, arthralgia,
hyperplastic:
splenomegaly and, less commonly, enlarged liver;
ossalgia, soreness and sensitivity when striking the bones;
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c) a relatively rare enlargement of the lymph nodes.
laboratory changes. KLA: leukocytosis, hyperleukocytosis, all transitional forms of cellular elements: promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, stab and segmented neutrophils. There is no "leukemic failure." Eosinophilic-basophilic association. Accelerated ESR, increased CRP and LDH. Myelogram - single blast cells. In the blood and bone marrow is the Philadelphia chromosome.
pic. 7.4Chronic myeloproliferative syndrome