- •1. Concepts of symptoms and syndromes
- •2. Pulmonology
- •1. Syndrome of compaction of lung tissue (decrease in airiness)
- •2. Syndrome of increased airiness of lung tissue (emphysema)
- •3. Broncho obstructive syndrome
- •4. Lung cavity syndrome
- •5. The syndrome of fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity
- •8. Syndrome of lung atelectasis
- •6. The syndrome of accumulation of air in the pleural cavity
- •7. Bronchiectasis Syndrome
- •9. Syndrome of dry pleurisy (pleuritis)
- •10. Respiratory failure syndrome
- •11. Pulmonary heart failure (pulmonary heart)
- •12. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
- •3. Cardiology
- •1. Syndromes of coronary insufficiency
- •2. Angina pectoris syndrome (stenocardia)
- •4. Myocardial damage syndrome
- •5. Resorption-necrotic syndrome
- •6. Post-infarction syndrome (Dressler's syndrome).
- •7. Аrterial hypertension Syndrome (ah)
- •8. Arterial hypotension syndrome
- •9. Heart failure syndrome
- •V.Kh. Vasilenko (1935).
- •10. Cardiomegaly syndrome
- •Syndrome of fluid accumulation in the pericardium (hydropericardium) The reasons for the accumulation of exudate:
- •12. Rhythm and conduction disturbances syndromes
- •I. Arrhythmias due to a violation of the automatism of the sinus node:
- •Atrial flutter (irregular and regular forms). Symptoms
- •Ventricular flutter and fibrillation. Symptoms
- •IV. Conductivity disorders - blockade:
- •13. Syndromes of valvular heart disease.
- •14. Mitral valve prolapse
- •15. Syndrome of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation
- •16. The syndrome of acute vascular insufficiency
- •4. Gastroenterology
- •4.1. Syndromes for diseases of the esophagus, stomach and gut
- •1. Dysphagia Syndrome
- •Gastroduodenal pain syndrome
- •3. Gastric hypersecretion syndrome
- •4. Gastric hyposecretion syndrome
- •5. Syndrome of gastric evacuation
- •6. Functional dyspepsia syndrome:
- •Bleeding syndrome from the lower gastrointestinal tract
- •9. The syndrome of "acute abdomen"
- •10. Dyspeptic syndrome (indigestion)
- •11. Irritable bowel syndrome:
- •2. Pain abdominal syndrome:
- •13. Asthenoneurotic syndrome:
- •4.2 Syndromes for diseases of the liver and bilitary ways
- •1. Biliary colic syndrome
- •2. Subhepatic jaundice (mechanical)
- •3. Hepatic jaundice (parenchymal)
- •4. Suprahepatic jaundice (hemolytic)
- •6. Cholestatic syndrome
- •8. Hypersplenism syndrome
- •9. Portal hypertension
- •10. Hepatic failure syndrome
- •12. Cytolysis syndrome (cytolytic syndrome)
- •13. Mesenchymal inflammatory syndrome
- •1. Pancreatic pain syndrome
- •1. The insufficiency of exocrine pancreatic function
- •Syndrome of pancreatic incretory function.
- •5. The syndrome of gastric pancreatic dyspepsia:
- •1. Renal colic syndrome
- •2. Urinary Syndrome
- •4. Nephrotic syndrome
- •5. Acute nephritic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis)
- •Chronic nephritic syndrome (chronic glomerulonephritis)
- •7. Edema syndrome (renal edema)
- •Hypertension Syndrome
- •9. Renal eclampsia syndrome
- •Acute renal failure (arf)
- •11. Chronic renal failure
- •6. Endocrinology
- •1. Syndrome of hypothyroidism:
- •Thyrotoxicosis syndrome (hyperthyroidism):
- •3. The syndrome of insulin deficiency:
- •1. Anemic syndrome
- •2. Sideropenic syndrome (iron deficiency)
- •Iron deficiency anemia
- •Hemolytic anemia
- •6. Hemorrhagic syndrome
- •7. Inflammatory syndrome
- •Neurological syndrome
- •10. Immunodeficiency syndrome
- •Leukemia syndrome (hemoblastosis) 11.1 Acute Leukemia Syndrome
- •11.2 Chronic myeloproliferative syndrome
- •11.3 Chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome
- •2. Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
- •Urticaria syndrome
- •2. Quincke's angioedema
- •3. Anaphylactic shock
- •4. Joint syndrome
- •9. The meaning of eponymous terms and syndromes in clinical medicine
8. Arterial hypotension syndrome
Lowering blood pressure in arteries - systolic below 100 mm Hg. Art., diastolic - below 60 mm RT. Art. Distinguish between physiological and pathological arterial hypotension. A decrease in blood pressure can be observed in individuals of asthenic type, especially in an upright position (orthostatic hypotension). How a pathological symptom can be observed with shock and collapse, as a manifestation of heart or vascular insufficiency - with infectious diseases, intoxications, some lesions of the central nervous system, anemia. SYMPTOMS:
weakness, lethargy;
dizziness, fainting;
headaches, tinnitus;
visual impairment;
sometimes, cold sweat;
blood pressure below 100/60 mm Hg
pallor;
palpitations, tachycardia;
pulse of low voltage, filling.
9. Heart failure syndrome
FORMS:
acute left ventricular (left atrial);
acute right ventricular;
chronic left ventricular (left atrial);
chronic right ventricular;
total, chronic, stagnant.
CAUSES: 1) diseases that cause dystrophy, necrosis, sclerosis, inflammation and myocardial hypertrophy: heart defects, hypertension, myocarditis, thyrotoxicosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocardial dystrophy, etc. 2) diseases affecting the heart from the outside: diseases of the lungs, pleura, pericardium, etc.
BASIC SYMPTOMS the severity of all manifestations depends on the severity of heart failure:
shortness of breath, often inspiratory. Sometimes as an equivalent - cough, hemoptysis;
tachycardia;
swelling, decreased urine output;
acrocyanosis, cyanosis.
With left ventricular and left atrial (with mitral stenosis) heart failure - congestion is noted in the pulmonary circulation (inspiratory dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, moist rales, in the lower parts of the lungs, and sometimes over the entire surface of the lungs, pink foamy sputum, orthopedic. manifestations - cardiac asthma, alveolar pulmonary edema.
Right ventricular heart failure is a congestive phenomenon in a large circle of blood circulation: enlarged liver, swelling in the legs, ascites.The symptom of Kussmaul is an increase in swelling of the cervical veins on inspiration.
Positive symptom of Plesha - is characteristic of severe biventricular or right ventricular failure, is an indicator of venous stasis, high central venous pressure and volume overload. When the patient is calmly breathing for 10 s, the palm is pressed onto the enlarged liver, which causes an increase in central venous pressure by approximately 4-5 cm of water. Art. and increased swelling of the cervical veins. An abdominal-jugular test can be performed, with palm pressure being applied to the anterior abdominal wall in the umbilical region (the abdominal press should not be stressed). The result of the sample is evaluated in the same way as with the hepatic-jugular Plesha test.
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The severity of chronic heart failure is regulated by the classification of N.D. Strazhesko -