4. Myocardial damage syndrome
REASONS: myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, severe heart failure, other
lesions of the mokard.
SYMPTOMS:
deafness of tones, weakening of I tone, gallop rhythm;
brady and tachycardia;
arrhythmias;
hypotension, ―headless‖ arterial hypertension (a decrease in only systolic blood pressure, and diastolic remains high).
ECG changes characteristic of causative diseases.
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5. Resorption-necrotic syndrome
REASON: myocardial infarction
SYMPTOMS:
fever
leukocytosis, a neutrophilic shift to the left (in the first 3-5 days) and aneosinophilia, an increase in ESR (from 5-7 days), that is, a characteristic symptom of myocardial infarction ―cross‖ (a symptom of ―scissors‖) between the number of leukocytes and ESR, which is usually observed at the end of the 1st - beginning of the 2nd week of the disease: leukocytosis begins to decrease, and ESR increases;
an increase in intracellular enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) myocyte structural proteins (myoglobin, troponin)
the appearance of C - reactive protein
6. Post-infarction syndrome (Dressler's syndrome).
REASON: myocardial infarction (the result of immunopathological changes). This complication usually occurs at 2-6 weeks of myocardial infarction. SYMPTOMS:
pericarditis
pleurisy (pneumonitis)
polyarthralgia up to polyarthritis (or monoarthritis)
fever
leukocytosis, eosinophilia, increased ESR
7. Аrterial hypertension Syndrome (ah)
CAUSES:
1. Primary - hypertension (essential hypertension) develops as a result of primary dysfunction (neurosis) of higher vasodilating centers in the absence of a causal relationship with organic damage to any organs or systems.
2. Secondary - symptomatic hypertension is a symptom of certain diseases or organ damage involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Symptomatic hypertension is divided into renal, endocrine, hemodynamic, neurogenic.
The nature of the increase in blood pressure distinguishes three forms of hypertension:
1. systolic;
2. diastolic;
3. systolic-diastolic.
According to WHO criteria (1999), there are three degrees of blood pressure increase, depending on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP):
1st degree: increase in SBP to 140-159 mm. Hg and DBP up to 90-99 mm. Hg;
2nd degree: GARDEN - 160-179 mm Hg, DBP - 100-109 mm Hg;
3rd degree: GARDEN 180 mm Hg and above, DBP 110 mm. Hg and higher.
SUPPORT SYMPTOMS:
1. increase in blood pressure above 140/90 mm. Hg;
2. hypertrophy of the left ventricle;
3. emphasis II tone on the aorta.
SYMPTOMS:
1. headache, dizziness, fainting;
2. nausea, vomiting;
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3. nosebleeds;
visual impairment, "flies" before the eyes;
frequent urination;
palpitations;
pain in the region of the heart (aching, stitching) and, sometimes, by the type of angina pectoris;
speech disorders, coordination of movements;
facial flushing or pallor;
throbbing of the jugular fossa, aa. carotis;
p. plenus, magnus, durus;
apical impulse is displaced to the left and down, strengthened, broadened, medium or high amplitude, resistant;
the borders of the heart are expanded to the left, the aortic configuration;
emphasis of II tone on the aorta, weakening of I tone at the apex;
Blood pressure above 140 / 90mm RT. st .;
on ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy
Echocardiography confirms the anatomical and hemodynamic changes associated with an increase in blood pressure;
fundus: hypertensive retinal angiopathy (narrowing of arteries, dilatation of veins).
Pic 3.4 The borders of the heart are extended to the left, the aortic configuration
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