- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
- •1 Модуль
- •2 Модуль
- •3 Модуль
- •4 Модуль
- •Module 1
- •1. Pronouns
- •3. Adjectives (Comparisons)
- •Irregular forms:
- •Comparative constructions:
- •2. Nouns
- •Accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, chaos, damage, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, weather, work, etc.
- •4. Present Simple
- •5. Present Continuous
- •6. Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Stative verbs
- •7. Future Simple and Present tenses with the future meaning
- •Hold, carry, cost, take place, provide, sell, use
- •Be going to
- •Finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die, rain, drive, work, fail
- •8. Present Perfect
- •Since, yet, for, already
- •In the laboratory ....
- •9. Past simple
- •Used to
- •Write, spend, work, hold, help, act, teach, set, tell, do
- •9.6 Grammar Quiz
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •11. Past Continuous
- •Grammar quiz: Simple and Continuous
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Past Perfect Continuous
- •14. Revision
- •Test yourself: Tenses
- •Module 2
- •1. “Say” and “tell”
- •2. Reported statements
- •3. Reported Questions
- •4. Reported commands / requests / suggestions
- •5. Modals in Reported Speech
- •6. Introductory Verbs
- •Complain, advise, refuse, warn, beg, suggest, agree, exclaim, deny, offer, insist, apologise, threaten, accuse, prefer
- •7. Revision
- •Test yourself: reported speech
- •1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:
- •2. Read the letter and then complete the text:
- •Passive Voice
- •1. Formation and uses
- •Ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast, prepare, sell, sort, plant Growing and preparing coffee.
- •Grown, cut, taught, locked, sent, explained, killed, given, built, driven
- •Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write
- •2. Changing from active into passive
- •Had been given, had been told, had never been taught, was given (twice), was offered, was promised, was sent, was shown, wasn't being paid
- •3. Passive structures
- •It _____________________________________________ (be) supposed to
- •Arrive, be, block, come, park, phone, start
- •Ask, break, damage, hurt, pay, steal, sting, stop, use
- •4. Revision
- •For Love or Money
- •Test yourself: passives
- •1. Circle a passive or active verb form:
- •2. Put simple present, simple past or future passive verbs into these sentences:
- •3. Circle the best way to continue:
- •4. Put present perfect or present continuous passive verbs into these sentences:
- •5. Use the words in italics as the subjects and verbs of passive sentences:
- •Module 3 “Modal Verbs”
- •I Functions of modal verbs with the Simple infinitives
- •1. We express ability with:
- •Come eat hear run sleep wait
- •2. We express possibility / probability with:
- •3. We express permission with: (asking for permission)
- •(Giving / refusing permission)
- •4. We make requests, offers or suggestions with:
- •5. We express advice with:
- •Do, not forget, get, give, have, invite, not let, open, start, not tell
- •6. We express obligation or necessity with:
- •7. We express absence of necessity or prohibition with:
- •E.G. You mustn’t touch those wires.
- •Do, get up, go, go, pay, shave, wait, work
- •8. Typical behaviour
- •Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell
- •9. Revision
- •II *Functions of modal verbs with the Perfect, Continuous and Perfect Continuous infinitives
- •1. Could have done
- •2. Must have done & can’t have done
- •3. May / might have done
- •4. Needn’t have done
- •5. Should have done
- •6. Revision exercises
- •6.3 * Moneybags case
- •Inspector North decided to interview all the suspects separately. Complete the dialogues with the modals in brackets. Sometimes more than one is possible, but use each modal at least once:
- •Test yourself: modal verbs
- •E.G. I'll be back tomorrow unless there's a strike.
- •Note 3: We use “in case” to talk about precautions – things we do to be ready for what might happen. After “in case” we use a present tense to talk about the future.
- •2. Type Two
- •Call an ambulance, complain to the manager, run away, try to catch it, walk to the nearest garage to get some, ring the police
- •3. Type Three
- •4. Revision 1
- •5.4 * Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences:
- •5. Mixed conditionals
- •6. Wishes
- •7. It’s time…
- •I'd rather you phoned her.
- •8. Revision 2
- •I could visit my friend.
- •Test yourself: conditionals Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
- •Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:
- •Comment on the following situations:
- •Supply “if not” or “unless” in these sentences. Note where you could use either:
- •Use mixed tenses in these sentences:
- •Module 4 Non-finite forms of the verb
- •1. Gerund / ing-form
- •Do, swim, fly, play, run, try, travel, lie, get, ride
- •Answer, apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write
- •2. Could you please stop ______ so much noise?
- •About, of, in, to, after, by, for, on, at, without
- •Look in a dictionary, oil it, play loud music, rob a bank, stroke it, switch on the ignition, take an aspirin, use an extinguisher
- •5. The shops are shut now. It's too late to ____________________.
- •2. Infinitive
- •Help, stay, find, speak, look after, telephone, buy, go, go out, get on
- •Do get go ride say use
- •3. Revision: Gerund or Infinitive?
- •4. Present Participle
- •5. Past Participle
- •2. It was surpris___ to see her.
- •Test yourself: non-finites Circle the correct answer.
- •Put in the correct form of the verb.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Rewrite the sentences with infinitives.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Appendix 1 Active Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 2 Passive Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 3 The -ing form is used :
- •Appendix 4 The to-infinitive is used:
- •Appendix 5 The infinitive without “to” is used:
- •7. Can; 8. Must; 9. Shouldn’t; 10. Must not; 11. Should; 12. Have to
- •13. I will be able to speak French soon. 14. Everybody had to fill in a big form last year. 15. Everybody will have to fill in a big form next year.
- •Appendix 6
- •Verbs with prepositions:
- •Resources:
- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
8. Present Perfect
Use
recently completed actions
She has tidied her room. (She has finished tidying her room. You can see it is tidy now. – evidence in the present)
actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them.)
personal experiences / changes which have happened
I’ve lost 10 kilos.
emphasis on number
She's written three letters since this morning. She has called on two clients since 12 o'clock.
Time expressions: just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over a period of time), today, this week/month etc
Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning.
I’ve been living / I’ve lived in Rome for a year.
8.1 Use the prompts to make a question:
e.g. you / ever / see a humming bird? – Have you ever seen a humming bird? It's the world smallest bird.
1. you / ever / read War and Peace? It's one of the longest 19th-century novels.
2. you / ever / visit San Marino? It's Europe’s second smallest country.
3. you / ever / swim in the Pacific Ocean? It's the largest ocean in the world.
4. you / ever / take a trip to the Sahara Desert? It's one of the hottest places in the world.
8.2 Complete each sentence with one of the time words in the list. You will need to use some words more than once:
Since, yet, for, already
In the laboratory ....
Sue: 'Haven't you left yet?'
Michael: 'No. I’ve been here _____ 8.00 this morning.'
Sue: 'Have you checked the results of the experiment _____? '
Michael: 'Yes, I’ve _____ done that.'
Sue: 'We’ve worked on this project _____ three weeks. Unfortunately we haven't discovered anything interesting _____.'
Michael: 'No, nothing has happened _____ last Tuesday.'
Sue: 'Yes, I know. I’ve _____ seen your report.'
Michael: 'So I’m going to do the experiment again. But I haven't started it _____.'
Sue: 'Don't bother. I’ve _____ started it. I haven't checked _____, but I think we're going to get the same results.'
NOTE: Spot the difference between the following: Have gone to / Have been to / Have been in
He has gone to Brussels. ( = He's there or on his way to Brussels.)
He has been to Brussels once. ( = He's visited Brussels but he's back now.)
He has been in Brussels for two months. ( = He's in Brussels now.)
8.3 Fill in: has - have been in/to, has - have gone to:
Editor: Where's Stevens? I haven't seen him for days.
Secretary : He 1) has gone to Washington to interview Kim Basinger.
Editor: How long 2) ___ he_______ Washington?
Secretary : Three days.
Editor: What about Milton and Knowles?
Secretary : They 3) ___ _______ London. They're going to interview the Royal Family.
Editor: 4) ___ anyone _______ Paris to talk to Main Delon?
Secretary : Smith 5) ___ _______ his country house. He interviewed him there yesterday actually. He's coming back today.
8.4 Use the prompts to make a present perfect simple question about scientific advances. Then answer yes or no:
e.g. scientists / discover a cure for the common cold? – Have scientists discovered a cure for the common cold?
1. people / live for long periods in space?
2. human beings / land on Mars yet?
3. scientists / invent time travel yet?
4. doctors / manage to transplant human hearts?
5. archaeologists / find the lost city of Atlantis?
6. scientists / ever teach an animal to talk?