III. Language

Ex. 6 Give English equivalents

Виконувати, відноситися, сприймати, центральний процесор, застосовувати, дешифратор команд, зручний, накоплюючий стимулятор, діяльність.

Ex. 7 Give Ukrainian equivalents

to form; to feel; storage; to store; to set up; to handle; solid-state technology; to per­form; to keep; to select; research; to put in; investigation.

Ex. 8 Make the sentences complete using the information from the text .

1. The arithmetic/logic unit is capable of ....

2. The access time is the time required for transmitting one comput­er ... out of the ... to where it ... .

3. The actual computa­tions are executed in a central ... .

4. The part of the con­trol that interprets the instruction is called ... .

5. The part of the control that generates the control signals is called ... .

6. The control signals choose the proper numbers from ... and send them to ... at the proper time.

Ex. 9 Find in the text the definitions to the following terms:

1. The CPU.

2. The arithmetic/logic unit.

3. The control unit.

4. The instruction decoder.

5. The control generator.

6. The instruction register.

7. The accumulator.

IV.Comprehension

Ex. 10 Find in the text the sentences where Participle I or Participle II are used. Define their functions and translate them.

Ex. 11 Agree or disagree with the following statements

1. Central processing unit is the nerve center of any digital computer system.

2. The CPU has four functions.

3. The second function of the CPU is performed by the arithmetic unit which does the actual operations.

4. The memory cell in the arithmetic/logic unit for this purpose is called the accumulator.

5. All program instructions to be executed must not be held within the CPU.

6. All the data to be processed must be loaded first into the CPU.

Ex. 12 Answer the following questions:

1. What is the general purpose and function of the CPU?

2. How many parts is the CPU composed of?

3. What is the general purpose of the control?

4. What is the arithmetic/logic unit?

5. What is the instruction decoder?

6. What is the general function of the control generator?

7. What hap­pens in the CPU while an instruction is being executed?

8. What is the accumulator?

9. Where is the accumulator lo­cated?

10. Where are the instruction register and the current-address register located?

V. Oral Practice.

Ex. 13. Compare these definitions:

a) a memory and a CPU;

b) an accumulator and an in­struction decoder;

c) an arithmetic/logic unit and a control unit

Ex. 14. Make up the plan of the text. Speak on the topic “The central processing unit ” using your plan.

VI. Reading and comprehension

Ex. 15. Read the text without a dictionary in 10 minutes.

Introduction to the www and the Internet

Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the; same basic ways.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it's not a collection of networks. Rather, it is information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface , or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and services that are part of the World Wide Web is growing

extremely fast. In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the WWW, and more than half the information that is transferred across the Internet is accessed through the WWW. By using a computer terminal (hardware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of

information. Each browser provides a graphical interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links. Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file somewhere on the Internet. The user doesn't need to know where it is, the browser follows the link.

All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it's available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And of course you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.

Just a little bit of exploring the World Wide Web will show you what a much of use and fun it is.

Notes:

retrieve — извлекать

variety — спектр

recreation — развлечение

network — сеть

share — делить

to link — соединять

hyperlink — гиперссылка

to compete — соревноваться

Ex. 16. Answer the following questions:

1) What is Internet used for?

2) Why are so many activities such as e-mail and business transactions

possible through the Internet?

3) What is World Wide Web?

4) What is a Web browser?

5) What does user need to have an access to the WWW?

6) What are hyperlinks?

7) What resources are available on the WWW?

8) What are the basic recreational applications of WWW?

Ex.17 Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1) There are still not so many users of the Internet.

2) There is information on all sorts of topics on the internet, including education and weather forecast.

3) People can communicate through e-mail and chat programs only.

4) Internet is a tens of thousands of networks which exchange the information in the same basic way.

5) You can access information available on the World Wide Web through the Web browser.

6) You need a computer (hardware) and a special program (software) to be a WWW user.

7) You move from site to site by clicking on a portion of text only.

8) Every time the user wants to move somewhere on the web he/she needs to step by step enter links and addresses.

9) Films and pictures are not available on the Internet.

10) Radio and TV-broadcasting is a future of Internet. It's not available yet.