Vocabulary tasks

A Match the following words with their definitions.

1	shoddy	a	easy to attack
2	flattery	b	small factories with bad conditions
3	churn out	c	criminal
4	vulnerable	d	poor quality
5	perpetrator	e	praise
6	sweatshops	f	mass produce cheaply

B Choose the best word to complete each sentence.

1 Expensive _________ fashion items are commonly copied products.

a excluded b invented c designer d prototype

2 Copies are so well made that they are almost ________ from the original.

a identical b the same c incomparable d indistinguishable

3 Many consumers prefer to pay more for a ________ brand.

a genuine b right c normal d reality

4 ________ manufacturers receive permission to produce branded goods.

a Partner b Associated c Agreed d Licensed

5 The overseas printer produced extra books and sold them ________ .

a on the side b besides c inside d over the side

6 The music industry is very concerned about ________ infringement.

a patent b copyright c trademark d intellectual

7 Increased counterfeiting affects the brand owners' future ________ .

a balancing b potential c profitability d finance

8 CDs and Videos are particularly ________ to piracy.

a easy b suspect c vulnerable d valuable

9 One legal action against counterfeiters is to take them to ________ .

a justice b court c account d copyright

C Form the opposites of these adjectives and adverbs by adding in-, un- or il-.

Use a dictionary to help you.

1. distinguishable indistinguishable

2. vulnerable

3. legitimate

4. profitable

5. legally

6. willingly

7. visible

Language focus

Conditionals 1-3

A 1 Study these examples of conditional sentences and answer the questions below.

a If there is high consumer demand for a brand it will be vulnerable to counterfeiting. (Type l)

b If so much of a product's worth wasn’t tied up in brand and intellectual property it wouldn't be so easy to sell poor quality substitutes. (Type 2)

c If we hadn't produced overseas, we wouldn't have had the pirate copies flooding the market. (Type 3)

1. Does each example refer to past, present or future time?

2. In c did the company produce overseas?

3. In c did pirate copies flood the market?

4. Which examples refer to a situation that is unreal or unlikely to happen?

5. Which example refers to a situation that is likely to happen?

2 Match the two halves to form the correct conditional forms.

Type 1: if + a present tense, a would / could + verb

Type 2: if + a past tense, b would / could have + past participle

Type 3: if + had + past participle, c present tense or modal verb

B Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.

1. If I (have) 'd had enough money, I (buy) 'd have bought a real Rolex but I just didn't, so I bought a fake.

2. If local counterfeiters only (pay) ________ a fine of $1,000 when they are caught they (keep on) ________ producing counterfeit goods.

3. There (not/be) ________ so many imitation drugs on the market if the prices of the genuine products (not/be) so high.

4. If we (not/drop) ________ our prices in the region I think we (be) ________ vulnerable to counterfeiting by local companies.

5. We (not/manufacture)________ locally if we (not/trust) ________ them to produce only the agreed quantities. It's been fine so far.

6. If I (know) it was a fake, I (not /buy) ________ it.

7. We're considering introducing some sophisticated anti-counterfeiting features but it (cost) ________ a lot of money if we (use) ________ them.

8. I (not/work) for a counterfeiter if I (can/get) ________ another job elsewhere, but I can't.

C Read the article below and decide which word (A-C) best fits each space

(1-10). The exercise begins with an example (0).

Fakes Found in Major Museums

Oscar White Muscarella, a 0) _________ respected archeologist at New York’s Metropolitan Museum, claims that more than 1,250 forgeries are on display in the world’s leading museums and art galleries. In his latest book Muscarella specifically names 37 forgeries in the Louvre, 16 in the British Museum and 45 in his own museum in New York. Muscarella’s earlier claims have been heavily 1) _________ by some museum officials who are

2) _________ opposed to his arguments. But Muscarella has 3) _________ good scientific evidence for his claims, showing that over 40 per cent of the objects examined by the Oxford Thermoluminescence laboratory are fakes. The reason for the quantity of forgeries is 4) _________ simple. Because many of the objects in our museums were found by amateurs and illegally exported from their countries of origin they have no official provenance or documented history. Museums are painfully 5) _________ of this embarrassing problem and as a result they have been known to overlook the lack of written records before accepting or buying antiquities. This makes it 6) _________ impossible to detect forgeries, especially if they are accurate copies. But in fact many forgeries are

7) _________ obvious as they are often copied from a photograph which only shows the front of an object. When examining the back of the forgery they can look 8) _________ different from the original. But museum officials tend to be 9) _________ conservative and hate to question objects which have been sitting in their collections for many years.

Muscarella specializes in the ancient Middle East, and this is the area of archeology in which he has found so many forgeries. But his research has had the effect of undermining the reputation of some of our most 10) ___________ regarded institutions, and this should be of concern to anyone who values our cultural heritage.

0 A absolutely (B) highly C very

1 A discussed B rejected C criticized

2 A bitterly B highly C rather

3 A perfectly B absolutely C somewhat

4 A virtually B quite C really

5 A conscious B understanding C aware

6 A very B virtually C pretty

7 A a bit B entirely C deeply

8 A completely B absolutely C almost

9 A heavily B dead C deeply

10 A very B highly C absolutely

Over to you

Write a letter to your local Consumers’ Association complaining that in your local market there are numerous watches on sale that seem to be a famous brand but turn out to be fakes.