1) Связанный с применением наказания

punitive article – статья, устанавливающая уголовную санкцию

2) Карательный, штрафной

punitive action – карательная мера, карательная акция

Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.

1	punitive sentencing	a	карательная мера
2	punitive institution	b	карательное воздействие
3	punitive justice	c	карательное правосудие
4	punitive law	d	карательное учреждение
5	punitive legislation	e	лишение свободы как кара за совершённое преступление
6	punitive measure	f	уголовное законодательство
7	punitive treatment	g	уголовный закон

С Explain the meaning of the words and expressions from the box. Complete the following text using these words and expressions. Retell the text.

wrongdoer misdeeds deterrent retribution death penalty corporal punishment rehabilitate reform barbaric law- abiding humane crime doesn’t pay

What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to 1)________ the offender, to correct the offender’s moral attitudes and antisocial behaviour and to 2)________ him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community.

Punishment can also be seen as a 3)________ because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and prevents them from doing so. However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society’s desire for 4)________, which basically means revenge. In other words, don’t we feel that a 5)________ should suffer for his 6)________?

The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should ‘make the punishment fit the crime’. Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that 7)________ ________ ________. For those who attack others 8)________ ________ should be used. Murders should be subject to the principle ‘an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth’ and automatically receive the 9)________ ________.

On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and 10)________ and that we should show a more 11)________ attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, 12)________ life.

D Study the following list of offences. Rate them on a scale from 1to 10 (1 is a minor offence, 10 is a very serious crime). They are in no particular order. You don’t have to apply your knowledge of existing laws ­– your own opinion is necessary.

□ driving in excess of the speed limit □ common assault (e.g. a fight in a disco-club) □ drinking and driving □ malicious wounding (e.g. stabbing someone in a fight) □ murdering a policeman during a robbery □ murdering a child □ causing death by dangerous driving □ smoking marijuana □ selling drugs (such as heroin) □ stealing £1,000from a bank by fraud □ stealing £1,000 worth of goods from someone’s home □ rape □ grievous bodily harm (almost killing someone) □ shop-lifting □ stealing £1,000 from a bank by threatening someone with a gun □ possession of a gun without a licence

E Give Russian equivalents for the following general types of punishment. Put them in descending order of severity.

• Capital punishment • Community service • Disciplinary training in a detention centre • Fixed penalty fine • Life imprisonment • Probation • Short-term imprisonment • Suspended sentence • Long-term imprisonment

F Which of the sentences listed in E fit the offences D? Give your reasons.

G Study the authentic cases given below. Discuss each case and decide the following:

1 Was justice done? 2 If you were the judge, what other facts and circumstances would you like to

know? 3 If you were the judge, would you give a different sentence? 4 Would you choose a lighter sentence, or a more severe one? 5 How would you have felt if you had been the victim of the crime? 6 How would you have felt if you had been the defendant?