1.7. Прочитайте текст, обращая внимание на перевод Passive voice

Things go better with Coca-Cola.

Coca-Cola is enjoyed all over the world. 1.6 billion gallons are sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries. The drink was invented by Dr John Pemberton in Atlanta, on 8 May 1886, but it was given the name Coca-Cola by his partner, Frank Robinson. In the first year, only nine drinks a day were sold.

The business was bought by a man called Asa Candler in 1988, and the first factory was opened in Dallas, Texas in 1895. Coca-Cola is still made there. Billions of bottles and cans have been produced since 1895.

Diet Coke has been made since 1982, and over the years many clever advertisements have been used to sell the product.

“Coca-Cola” and “Coca” are registered trademarks which identify the same product of the Coca-Cola Company.

1.8. Переведите следующие вопросительные предложения и ответьте на них

1. Когда был изобретен напиток?

2. Кто придумал название Coca-Cola?

3. Успешным ли был бизнес в 1886?

4. Кто такой Asa Candler и какую роль он сыграл для бизнеса Coca-Cola?

5. Когда и где была построена первая фабрика?

6. Сколько бутылок и банок было произведено с 1895?

7. Когда появился первый диетический напиток?

8. Вам нравится этот напиток? Почему?

9. Как вы понимаете выражение Things go better with Coca-Cola?

10. Какие рекламы Coca-Cola вы знаете?

1.9. Прочитайте и переведите статью. Составьте по тексту 10 вопросительных предложений с ответами. Criminal vs. Civil Charges

A cab driver was taken to the hospital after being assaulted and battered by a customer who didn’t want to pay his fare. According to reports, the driver of the cab had just finished dropping off four customers when one of the customers pulled a handgun and used it to strike the cab driver in the head.

The driver of the cab was taken to an area hospital and is expected to recover. The altercation occurred in Nashville, TN late on the evening of February 28, 2013.

The Charges

So far, no arrests have been made in the incident, but that won’t have any weight in deciding whether or not the cab driver has a cause of action against his assailants in civil court. Civil charges are different than criminal charges in that civil charges are brought by private entities against private entities (Person v. Person or Person v. Company) while criminal charges are brought by public entities on behalf of the social good (State v. Person, United States v. Person). In this case, just because the police haven’t made an arrest, and even if the prosecutor in the area is unable to secure a conviction against the assailant, the cab driver can still sue his attacker in civil court and seek monetary damages for his injuries and for being forced to experience the ordeal.

Assault and Battery

Assault and battery, in most jurisdictions, is not a single offense. It is a description of two different offenses that often, but not always, go hand in hand. Where a battery generally requires harmful or offensive bodily contact, an assault only requires that the victim be placed in apprehension of such contact. The specific facts of this case remain unknown, but if the assailant pointed the gun at the cab driver, and the driver was put in apprehension of being the victim of serious bodily harm or death, then the cab driver was the victim of an assault committed by his attacker. The battery, which is fairly obvious, occurred when the assailant struck the driver over the head with the pistol.

A Victim’s Rights

As mentioned above, whether or not a public prosecutor is able to secure a conviction against the offenders in this case is immaterial on whether or not the cab driver can seek monetary compensation from his attackers. It doesn’t matter if no criminal charges are ever filed, if a criminal conviction is secured, or if those involved are acquitted of all criminal charges - the cab driver, as the victim in this case, still has the right to take his attackers to court.

In pursuit of civil litigation against his attackers, the cab driver may seek monetary damages for his injuries, medical expenses, and his pain and suffering. The driver may also be entitled to punitive damages, as a way to punish his attacker and to deter the kind of behavior which his attacker committed.

The law allows private parties to take each other to court as a way to prevent private retaliation / retribution. The courts would prefer that victims of crimes pursue retribution through the courts instead of taking matters into their own hands.