- •The category of mood
- •1. The Indicative Mood.
- •2. The Imperative Mood.
- •3. The Subjunctive Mood
- •The subjunctive mood
- •The Present Subjunctive
- •The use of the subjunctive mood simple sentences
- •1. The subjunctive mood in conditional sentences
- •4. In some set expressions:
- •Complex sentences
- •If I can; If I have time; If you like; If you want (to).
- •In Second and Third Conditional Sentences the modal verbs could and might can be used.
- •Conditional Sentences:
- •Mixed types of sentences of unreal condition
- •Sentences with implied condition
- •Sentences of problematic condition
- •Inversion omission of "if"
- •Conditional sentences (conjunctions)
- •If, unless, in case/just in case, provided (that), providing (that), suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition (that), as long as/so long as, even if, only if, what if.
- •2. The subjunctive mood in object clauses
- •1. Expressing preferences with ‘would rather’ and ‘would sooner’
- •In negative responses, we can omit the infinitive:
- •I would prefer someone to do something.
- •1. Such sentences have a similar meaning to Second Conditional Sentences:
- •2. Such sentences have a similar meaning to Third Conditional Sentences:
- •I'd rather ski than skate.
- •2. Expressing preferences with ‘I prefer’ and ‘I would prefer’
- •4. Would like/would love/would hate. (We use these verbs to make specific offers, requests etc.)
- •5) Compare:
- •3. The subjunctive mood in attributive clauses after the Principal Clause : It is time, It is high time
- •4. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of comparison (or manner)
- •5. The subjunctive mood in predicative clauses
- •6. The subjunctive mood in subject clauses.
- •7. The subjunctive mood in attributive appositive clauses
- •8. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of purpose
- •9. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of concession/concessive clauses.
- •10. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of time and place.
- •11. ‘Emotional should’
- •I. ‘emotional should’ subject clauses.
- •II. ‘emotional should’ object clauses.
- •III. The subjunctive mood with the ‘emotional should’ may also occur in such sentences:
- •5. Note that in sentences of this kind the Indicatives Mood can also be used.
- •12. Indirect speech
- •The use of the subjunctive mood
- •1. Conditional sentences.
- •I wish ...; I wished ...; He wishes ...; They wished ...; You will wish ... .
- •It’s time / It’s high time
- •She were enjoying it she had hurt her leg she didn’t want to come he hadn’t eaten for a week he meant what he was saying
- •Nothing like a good story
- •It’s time / it’s high time
- •Сослагательное наклонение
- •634041, Томск, ул. Герцена, 49. Тел.(3822) 52-12-93.
If I can; If I have time; If you like; If you want (to).
Notice that in all these phrases we use a present tense to talk about the future:
A: Will you do the shopping? A: Will you be home early tonight? A: Shall we go to the cinema? A: May I borrow this book? A: Will you call us when you get there? A: Can I borrow your pen? A: Could you help me with this? |
B: Yes, if I have time. B: Yes, I will if I can. B: Yes, we can if you like. B: Yes, of course, if you want to. B: Yes, of course, if you want me to. B: Sure, if you like. B: Yes, I will if I can. |
In Second and Third Conditional Sentences the Subjunctive Mood is used to express an unreal condition in the subordinate clause and an unreal consequence/result in the principal clause.
Second Conditional (Type 2)
We use Second Conditional Sentences (unreal present) to talk about unreal, imaginary or unlikely events or situations in the present or future.
In sentences of unreal condition referring to the present or future the Past Subjunctive of the verb ‘to be’ (the form ‘were’) is used in the subordinate clause. With other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood. In the principal clause we find the analytical subjunctive consisting of the mood auxiliary should/would and the Indefinite Infinitive (or the Future Indefinite in the Past).
I would give up my job if I didn’t like it. Я бы ушел с работы, если бы не любил её.
If you drove carefully, you wouldn’t have accidents. Если бы вы ездили на машине внимательно, вы не попадали бы в аварии.
If I were better qualified, I would apply for the job.
The structure If I were you, .... is used to give advice.
If I were you, I would apologize to her. На твоём месте я бы извинился перед ней.
If I were the president of the country, I would increase taxation. (But it’s not very likely that I will ever be the president)
The structure ‘I would if I could’ is often used to make an excuse.
Will you give me a lift? - I would if I could, but I’m just too busy.
Third Conditional (Type 3)
We use Third Conditional Sentences (unreal past) to talk about unreal, imaginary or unlikely events or situations in the past.
We also use them to express regret or criticism.
In sentences of unreal condition referring to the past the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used in the subordinate clause. In the principal clause we find the analytical subjunctive consisting of the mood auxiliary should/would and the Perfect Infinitive (or the Future Perfect in the Past or the form would have + past participle).
If I had lived in the Stone Age, I would have been a hunter. Если бы я жил в каменном веке, я был бы охотником.
If they had invited us last week, we would have gone to the party. Если бы они пригласили нас на прошлой неделе, мы бы пошли на вечеринку.
If you had followed my direction then, you wouldn’t have got lost. (But you didn’t follow my directions and, therefore, you got lost)
If I had left home on time, I would not have missed the bus. (I missed the bus because I didn’t leave home on time)
If you hadn’t lent us the money yesterday, we would have gone to the bank.
The view was wonderful. If I had had a camera, I would have taken some photographs.