- •The category of mood
- •1. The Indicative Mood.
- •2. The Imperative Mood.
- •3. The Subjunctive Mood
- •The subjunctive mood
- •The Present Subjunctive
- •The use of the subjunctive mood simple sentences
- •1. The subjunctive mood in conditional sentences
- •4. In some set expressions:
- •Complex sentences
- •If I can; If I have time; If you like; If you want (to).
- •In Second and Third Conditional Sentences the modal verbs could and might can be used.
- •Conditional Sentences:
- •Mixed types of sentences of unreal condition
- •Sentences with implied condition
- •Sentences of problematic condition
- •Inversion omission of "if"
- •Conditional sentences (conjunctions)
- •If, unless, in case/just in case, provided (that), providing (that), suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition (that), as long as/so long as, even if, only if, what if.
- •2. The subjunctive mood in object clauses
- •1. Expressing preferences with ‘would rather’ and ‘would sooner’
- •In negative responses, we can omit the infinitive:
- •I would prefer someone to do something.
- •1. Such sentences have a similar meaning to Second Conditional Sentences:
- •2. Such sentences have a similar meaning to Third Conditional Sentences:
- •I'd rather ski than skate.
- •2. Expressing preferences with ‘I prefer’ and ‘I would prefer’
- •4. Would like/would love/would hate. (We use these verbs to make specific offers, requests etc.)
- •5) Compare:
- •3. The subjunctive mood in attributive clauses after the Principal Clause : It is time, It is high time
- •4. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of comparison (or manner)
- •5. The subjunctive mood in predicative clauses
- •6. The subjunctive mood in subject clauses.
- •7. The subjunctive mood in attributive appositive clauses
- •8. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of purpose
- •9. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of concession/concessive clauses.
- •10. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of time and place.
- •11. ‘Emotional should’
- •I. ‘emotional should’ subject clauses.
- •II. ‘emotional should’ object clauses.
- •III. The subjunctive mood with the ‘emotional should’ may also occur in such sentences:
- •5. Note that in sentences of this kind the Indicatives Mood can also be used.
- •12. Indirect speech
- •The use of the subjunctive mood
- •1. Conditional sentences.
- •I wish ...; I wished ...; He wishes ...; They wished ...; You will wish ... .
- •It’s time / It’s high time
- •She were enjoying it she had hurt her leg she didn’t want to come he hadn’t eaten for a week he meant what he was saying
- •Nothing like a good story
- •It’s time / it’s high time
- •Сослагательное наклонение
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Mixed types of sentences of unreal condition
(= MIXED CODITIONALS OR SENTENCES OF SPLIT CONDITION)
The action in the principal and subordinate clauses may have different time reference if the sense of the clauses requires it.
There are two mixed types of sentences of unreal condition.
I. In the first type the condition refers to the past and the consequence refers to the present or future.
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be well now. Если бы вчера вы приняли лекарство, сейчас вы бы были здоровы.
If Vince had worked hard, he would be a doctor. (Vince did not work hard. As a result he is now not a doctor.)
If she had finished earlier, she would be going to the party tonight. (She didn’t finish earlier so she isn’t going to the party.)
If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now.)
If Brenda hadn‘t stolen the money, she wouldn‘t be in prison.
II. In the second type the condition refers to no particular time and the consequence to the past.
If you were not so absent-minded, you would not have made such a mistake. Если бы ты не был такой рассеянный, ты бы не сделал такую ошибку. (You are absent-minded so you made a mistake.)
If you really liked Jane, you wouldn’t have said that. (What you said suggests that you did not like Jane, and that you don’t like her now.)
If I were you, I would have accepted the job. (You are not me so you didn’t accept the job.)
I. If I had worked harder at university, I would have a degree now. If you had told me about this problem earlier, everything would be all right now. |
II. If she loved him, she would have stayed with him. If you were a more sensitive person, you wouldn’t have said that to her. |
SENTENCE PATTERNS WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Pattern I
-
But for ... = если бы не …
But for... is used in formal language and must be followed by a noun group.
But for ... has no time reference.
But for you, I wouldn’t stay here. (But for you/me/her/him/us/them ... )
But for his pension, he would starve. (= If he didn’t have pension, he would starve.)
But for your help, we would have been in trouble.
But for him, this book would have never been written.
But for the rain, we would go to the country now.
But for the rain, we would have gone to the country yesterday.
Pattern II
-
If it were not for...(Present or Future reference)
If it hadn’t been for ... (Past reference) } = если бы не ...
These expressions explain why something has or hasn’t happened.
They have time reference.
If it were not for my problems, I would join you.
If it were not for your help, I would still be homeless.
If it hadn’t been for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to finish my work on time.
If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. Если бы не дождь, у нас был бы хороший урожай.