5. Standartisation and legal bases on existing Energy Saving Technologies

Leonids Ribickis, professor

Nadezhda Kunicina, associate professor

Riga Technical University

5.2.Introduction

EU Directives on Energy Efficiency [2], on Promotion of the use of energy [3] Energy Effective Lighting [4], and Energy Performance of Buildings Directive [6] are described; the main concept and application areas as well as benefits from using those concepts are described in the chapter. RTU Leonids Ribickis, Nadezhda Kunicina, 50

The standartisation in the field of energy saving technologies could be devided into the national international and mandatory and non mandatory.

International standarts IEEE [5]:

Standards are published documents that establish specifications and procedures designed to maximize the reliability of the materials, products, methods, and/or services people use every day. Standards address a range of issues, including but not limited to various protocols to help maximize product functionality and compatibility, facilitate interoperability and support consumer safety and public health.

Standards form the fundamental building blocks for product development by establishing consistent protocols that can be universally understood and adopted. This helps fuel compatibility and interoperability and simplifies product development, and speeds time-to-market. Standards also make it easier to understand and compare competing products. As standards are globally adopted and applied in many markets, they also fuel international trade.

IEEE voluntary international standarts and protocols are internationally recognized practiceis, as example IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of IEEE standards produced by the working group defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3af - Power over Ethernet.

ISO is International Organization for Standardization provides voluntary International Standards.The most relevant standarts are ISO 50001 and ISO 14000 Environmental management. ISO/IEC JTC 1 is Joint Technical Committee 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It deals with all matters of information technology.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), originally founded as the International Telegraph Union, is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies. The ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards.

ITU also organizes worldwide and regional exhibitions and forums, such as ITU TELECOM WORLD, bringing together representatives of government and the telecommunications and ICT industry to exchange ideas, knowledge and technology.

The objective of European standardization is to agree on common specifications and/or procedures that respond to the needs of business and meet consumer expectations.

Standards are a part of the knowledge economy that underpins European industry and society. They facilitate innovation and promote the adoption of new technologies.

European Standardization is a key instrument for the consolidation of the Single Market and for strengthening the competitiveness of European companies, thereby creating the conditions for economic growth.

European Standards are a valuable tool for facilitating cross-border trade – both within Europe’s single market and also with the rest of the world. They reduce un-necessary costs for both suppliers and purchasers of products and services – in the public and private sectors.

Standards can be used to improve safety and performance, raise levels of energy efficiency, and protect consumers, workers and the environment. They complement European and national policies in these areas, and make it easier for companies and other actors to respect relevant legislation.

CEN and CENELEC are international non-profit associations. They are officially recognised as European Standards Organisations (alongside ETSI, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute).

CEN, CENELEC and their national members and committees work jointly to develop and define standards that are considered necessary by market actors and/or to support the implementation of European legislation.

A majority of European Standards are initiated by business and developed in partnership with other stakeholders. Around 30% are mandated by the European Commission in the framework of EU legislation.

The European Standardization System is unique in the world. After the publication of a European Standard, each national standards body or committee is obliged to withdraw any national standard which conflicts with the new European Standard. Hence, one European Standard becomes the national standard in all the 33 member countries of CEN and/or CENELEC.

ETSI is basically a factory that produces some of the best ICT standards on the market. The contractors are Members in the majority of cases, sometimes EU policy makers (for mandated work).

In both cases, a work item is being created within (or channelled to) a technical committee.

NOTE: In ETSI it is sufficient that 4 members decide to start a new work item to set the machine into motion.

In European Union of Energy efficiency concept, in particular development technological solutions fostering energy saving concept deployment in practical applications is one of the strategical priorities.

The main body in EU, coordinating EU strategy development is Directorate-General for Energy (DG Ener). DG Ener also internally the abbreviation ENER is used is a Directorate-General of the European Commission. The DG Ener is in operation since 17 February 2010 when it was split from the Transport DG (now The Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE)) (it has been merged with transport since 2000).

Mission DG Ener is focused on creating a competitive internal energy market to lower prices, to develop renewable energy sources, to reduce energy dependence and to reduce energy consumption [7]. There are a set of strategic reference documents as well as leagle basis of Energy sector development leading by DG Ener. There are two types of docements first: directives, which must be obligatory deploed in national legistlationa and implemented in European member states; second type all other documents, like Energy Roadmap 2050 [7], which is a recommendation from EU commission.

It is essential, then, for the European Union (EU) to address the major energy challenges facing us today, i.e. climate change, our increasing dependence on imports, the strain on energy resources and access for all users to affordable, secure energy. The EU is putting in place an ambitious energy policy - covering the full range of energy sources from fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) to nuclear energy and renewables (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydro-electric and tidal) - in a bid to spark a new industrial revolution that will deliver a low-energy economy, whilst making the energy we do consume more secure, competitive and sustainable.

The energetics sector [http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/index_en.htm] is wide, and covers such areas as:

• Energy policy for Europe, Market-based instruments, Energy technologies, Financial instruments Internal energy market;

• The market in gas and in electricity, Trans-European energy networks, Infrastructure, Security of supply, Public procurement, Taxation;

• Energy efficiency;

• Energy efficiency of products, Buildings and services;

• Renewable energy;

• Electricity, Heating and cooling, Biofuels;

• Nuclear energy;

• Euratom, Research and technology, Safety, Waste;

• Security of supply, external dimension and enlargement;

• Security of supply, External relations, European Energy Charter, Treaty establishing the Energy Community, Enlargement.