3. Grammar: Pronouns many / few / a few, much / little / a little.

Many, much.

Many мен much есімдіктері көп деген мағынада қолданылады. Many есімдігі ағылшын тілінде саналатын зат есімнің алдында тұрады, much есімдігі саналмайтын зат есімдердің алдында тұрады.

Мысалы: Has he many friends in Moscow?

Оның Мәскеуде көп досы бар ма?

Do you spend much time on your homework?

Сіз үй тапсырмаңызға көп уақытыңызды жібересіз бе?

Ағылшын тілінде much, many есімдіктері негізінен сұраулы және болымсыз сөйлемдерде пайдаланылады. Егер есімдіктер алдында very, too, so, as, how сөздері тұрған жағдайда much, many есімдіктері болымды сөйлемдерде қолданылады.

Мысалы: He has very many friends in Moscow.

Оның Мәскеуде өте көп достары бар.

Few, little.

Ағылшын тілінде few, little есімдіктері аз деп аударылады.

Few есімдігі саналатын зат есімдермен қолданылады. Little есімдігі саналмайтын зат есімдермен қолданылады.

Егер есімдіктер алдында verу, too, so, as, how сөздері тұрса few, little есімдіктері болымды сөйлемдерде қолданылады,.

Мысалы: There were very few people there.

Онда өте аз адам болды.

I have so little time.

Менің уақытым сондай аз.

Few жне little есімдіктерімен “а” артиклін қолдануға болады:

а few, а little аздап, бірнеше

Мысалы: Please give me а little water.

Маған аздап су беріңізші.

Exercise 1: Paraphrase the following words in bold type using little, a little, few, a few.

Example: There is hardly any wine in the bottle. — There is little wine in the bottle. The chairman said some words. — The chairman said & few words.

1. I can't help you. I have hardly any time. 2. Mr. Brown, can I come and see you today? I'd like to ask you some questions. 3. It is no use asking him about it. He has hardly any knowledge of the subject. 4. I go to the theatre when I have some money and free time. 5. Is there much chalk in the box? — No, there is hardly any here. 6. He drank some water and felt much better. 7. There was hardly any tea in the cup, so he poured some more. 8. Hardly any people understood what he said. 9. There are some carrots in the box. 10. Mummy, may I have some ice cream? 11. Many years ago some people realized the significance of this discovery. 12. There was hardly any doubt that the problem could be solved in the near future. 13. We didn't have to take a porter. We had hardly any luggage. 14. I think he is rather greedy. He buys hardly any things for himself. 15. We have received some valuable information. I think it will help us a lot.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with much, many, a lot of.

1. There are a few bananas and ___ apples in the fridge. 2. She put ___ butter in the cake. 3. Have you got ___ homework? — Our teacher always gives us ___ homework. 4. We don't need ___ eggs to cook this meal. 5. He's made ___ progress in such a short time! 6. Are there ___unemployed people in your country? 7. There are ___oil deposits in Siberia. 8. There is ___ time at our disposal. 9. She is very sociable, that's why she has got ___ friends. 10. Try to call Mr. Green. He never gives ___ useful advice, but you can hear ___ valuable information. 11. One needs ___money to start a new business. 12. You can't install ___equipment in a small shop. 13. He doesn't want ___advisors. He thinks he can solve the problem himself. 14. Be careful with him. He's got ___projects and desires, but hasn't got ___ money and patience to realize them. 15. Astronomy studies ___ interesting phenomena.