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Английский язык. методичка по грамматике.doc
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Сравнительная таблица функций причастия и герундия

Функция

Герундий

Причастие I

1. Подлежащее

2. Именная часть сказуемого

3. Часть глагольного сказуемого

4. Дополнение

5. Определение

6. Обстоятельство.

Driving a car is his hobby.

Нis hobby is driving a car.

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He enjoys driving.

I do not like his plan of driving to the country.

After driving almost the whole day he felt very tired.

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He is driving too fast.

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The man driving a car is our manager.

(When\While) driving a car one must be very attentive.

Упражнение1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функции герундия в предложении.

1. Reading English technical magazines is important for an engineer.

2. They began making the experiment in May.

3. After graduating from the institute he worked in the Far North.

4. After failing his examination in January he had to take it again in February.

5. There are different ways of obtaining the substance.

6. The organizers of the conference were informed of his refusing to take part in it.

7. I remember his having been interested in languages in his childhood.

8. I know of his having been sent to work to the Far East.

9. We heard of the experiment having been started last week.

10. New possibilities for applying atomic energy open up.

11. The idea of creating a multi-stage rocket belongs to Tsiolkovsky.

12. Before being sent up the balloon was filled with a special gas.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, найдите герундий и герундиальный оборот.

1. What form of heating is called dielectric? It is a form in which electrically insulating material is heated by being subjected to an alternating electric current. Dielectric heating results from energy being lost by the field to electrons within the atoms and molecules of the material.

2. Is any metal capable of being drawn out into a wire?

3. What is the name of an insulating material capable of being subjected to an electric stress?

4. A motor- starter is a device for starting motors from rest by the simple act of closing a switch.

5. Steam is an important factor in producing usable energy because of the power created by its expansion.

6. Constant speed of the machine is maintained without being affected by vibrations in the load

12.3. The Infinitive

Инфинитив

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая обладает свойствами, как существительного, так и глагола и отвечает на вопрос что делать? что сделать? Показателем инфинитива является частица to.

В английском языке существуют простая и сложная формы инфинитива.

Active

Passive

Indefinite

to write

to be written

Continuous

to be writing

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Perfect

to have written

to have been written

Инфинитив может выражать характер действия( длительность, законченность) и имеет залог.

1. Indefinite Infinitive (Active, Passive) обозначает действие, одновременное действию, выраженному глаголом- сказуемым.