9. Writing

Do ex. 3, p. 98.

10. Summary

1. What are some types of pollution?

2. What are some ways that you can reduce pollution in our country?

11. Homework

Write down your ideas on the following subject:

Which is more important, increasing people’s standard of living, or protecting the environment?

Lesson 54 if a disaster occurs...

Дата

Цілі: формувати навички вживання нових лексичних одиниць; вдосконалю­вати навички читання, аудіювання й усного монологічного мовлення; розви­вати пізнавальні інтереси учнів; виховувати готовність правильно поводити себе у екстремальних ситуаціях.

Procedure

1. Warm-up

Do ex. 1, p. 99.

2. Speaking

• Work in groups.

Discuss your ideas as for human activity. (Checking the homework) Group 1: People’s standard of living should increase because...

Group 2: We should pay more attention to protecting environment be­cause.

3. Reading

• Do the quiz.

1. If a country doesn’t have rain for a very long period, we say it suffers from __ .

floods

drought

earthquakes

tornadoes

2. When a disaster occurs, people move to another area or country. What are these people called?

aid workers refugees migrants immigrants

3. When a disaster occurs, people describe the situation using some of the words below. Which word does NOT mean very important? emergency

crisis

urgent situation inconsequential

4. What’s the international request for help used by ship captains and aeroplane pilots if they are having problems?

marchday

aprilday

mayday

juneday

5. Which of the following words would you NOT expect to hear in a report about a country without food?

famine scarcity abundance food shortage

6. Which word does NOT fit the sentence? ‘In war many people die, but

many more are .’

injured

wounded

killed

hurt

Key: 1 drought; 2 Refugees; 3 inconsequential; 4 Mayday (from the French ‘m’aidez’ (help me); 5 abundance; 6 killed.

4. Listening

Do ex. 2, 3, p. 99.

5. Reading

Do ex. 4, p. 99.

6. Listening

Do ex. 5, p. 99.

7. Reading

Choose the best word from the box to complete the following sentences.

combine dams devastating flooding human-made pieces potential prevent snow widespread

CAUSES OF FLOODS

Floods cause damage. Unfortunately, there is little we can do to __

flooding in some situations. There are several causes for including deep

__melt, icy rivers, and broken __ . First, when deep snow melts it creates large amounts of water. When heavy rain and sudden warm temperatures

with the deep snow, floods can occur. Second, rivers that are covered in

ice can cause floods when the ice melts. The ice __ form dams which break and cause flooding. Third, __ dams can break and cause __ damage. The water from these dams can be as powerful as a tidal wave. Our best plan of attack against flooding is to recognize the __ for flooding in certain condi­tions.

Key: widespread, prevent, flooding, snow, dams, combine, pieces, hu­man-made, devastating, potential

8. Summary

1. Are you prepared for a disaster?

2. What can you do to prepare for a disaster?

3. Do you know someone who has been in a disaster?

4. How do you think you would react in a disaster?

5. How can we help children who are victims of disasters?

9. Homework

Write a short report about a disaster that has happened somewhere lately.

Цілі: вдосконалювати навички усного мовлення й читання; розвивати куль­туру спілкування й мовленнєву реакцію учнів; виховувати готовність пра­вильно поводити себе в екстремальних ситуаціях.

Дата

Procedure

1. Warm-up

Do ex. 1, p. 100.

2. Reading

Read the text and choose the best answer(s) for each question.

THE CAUSES OF FLOODS Floods are second only to fire as the most common of all natural disas­ters. They occur almost everywhere in the world, resulting in widespread damage and even death. Consequently, scientists have long tried to per­fect their ability to predict floods. So far, the best that scientists can do is to recognize the potential for flooding in certain conditions. There are a number of conditions, from deep snow on the ground to human error, that cause flooding.

When deep snow melts it creates a large amount of water. Although deep snow alone rarely causes floods, when it occurs together with heavy rain and sudden warmer weather it can lead to serious flooding. If there is a fast snow melt on top of frozen or very wet ground, flooding is more likely to occur than when the ground is not frozen. Frozen ground or ground that is very wet and already saturated with water cannot absorb the additional water created by the melting snow. Melting snow also contributes to high water levels in rivers and streams. Whenever rivers are already at their full capacity of water, heavy rains will result in the rivers overflowing and flooding the surrounding land.

Rivers that are covered in ice can also lead to flooding. When ice begins to melt, the surface of the ice cracks and breaks into large pieces. These pieces of ice move and float down the river. They can form a dam in the ri­ver, causing the water behind the dam to rise and flood the land upstream. If the dam breaks suddenly, then the large amount of water held behind the dam can flood the areas downstream too.

Broken ice dams are not the only dam problems that can cause flooding. When a large human-made dam breaks or fails to hold the water collected behind it, the results can be devastating. Dams contain such huge amounts of water behind them that when sudden breaks occur, the destructive force of the water is like a great tidal wave. Unleashed dam waters can travel tens of kilometres, cover the ground in metres of mud and debris, and drown and crush every thing and creature in their path.

Although scientists cannot always predict exactly when floods will oc­cur, they do know a great deal about when floods are likely, or probably, going to occur. Deep snow, ice-covered rivers, and weak dams are all strong conditions for potential flooding. Hopefully, this knowledge of why floods happen can help us reduce the damage they cause.

1. Which of the following words are natural disasters? (More than one answer may be correct).

1. flood b) earthquake

3. airplane crash d) typhoon

2. Which of the following are included as causes for floods in the reading passage?

a) droughts b) large lakes

100. poorly built roads d) melting snow

3. How does deep snow cause flooding?

1. melting snow causes flooding

2. too much rain causes flooding

3. sudden warm temperatures combined with heavy rains causes flooding

4. freezing water causes flooding

4. A broken human-made dam is compared to what? a) a tsunami b) a tidal wave

100. a broken ice dam d) overflowing

5. Which of the following best describes how a frozen river can cause a flood.