Grammar in context 2 The third conditional

Founded in 1976 by Steven Wosniak and Steven Jobs, Apple Computer has undergone many changes in leadership, product developmen and strategy. Complete the following sentences about Apple Computer by putting the verbs in brackets into the third conditional.

1. If John Sculley, who became CEO of Apple in 1983, and Steven Jobs had shared (share) the same vision for the future of the company, Jobs wouldn't have resigned (not resign).

2. The Macintosh personal computer_____________________(not provide) the solution for inexpensive publishing, if Apple_____________________(not introduce) the LaserWriter, the first affordable laser printer for the Mac.

3. Apple probably_____________________ (remain) more competitive if they_____________________ (sell) licences for their operating systems to other computer manufacturers.

4. If the first generation of the Newton, a revolutionary notepad computer, ___________________(work) better, sales_____________________(be) higher.

5. When the iMac was launched, people loved the colourful, fun design. Perhaps if it________________(be) less attractive, fewer first-time computer buyers_____________________(buy) it.

6. If Apple_____________________(not launch) the Mac, they___________________(not recapture) 6.7 % of the computer market.

7. Apple shares__________________(not rise) in 1998, if their sales___________ (not increase) substantially.

Сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточным времени (when-clause), соотнесенные с будущим, имеют следующую формулу в английском языке:

Subject + shall/will + V-inf + when/as soon as + Simple Present/

Present Perfect

	when as soon as
Mr. Brown will telephone you		he comes back

(позвонит ……………………………. вернется)

when

as soon as

I will return your book on economics I have read it.

(возвращу ……………………………………………… прочту)

Exercise 10. Supply the correct form of the verb in round brackets for each of the following sentences with adverbial clauses of time and condition.

1. As soon as he ____ , he will start work (arrive).

2. When he ____ a special arrangement with the bank, he will be

allowed to borrow a further $10,000 (make).

3. After he ____ all arrangements, he examined his car carefully (make).

4. I will remember you as long as I ____ (live).

5. I’ll be glad whenever you ____ (come).

6. When I ____ , I’ll tell you the whole story (finish).

7. If it ____ when you ____ , you’ll have to take a taxi (rain, arrive).

8. If he hasn’t come by two o’clock, we ____ our lunch (finish).

9. If I don’t pass my driving test, I ____ it five times (fail).

10. If the conference ____ at our university, I’ll take part in it (be held).

11. If she ____ me yesterday, I ____ her advice on how to prepare for the exam in economics of the enterprise (call, give).

12. If she gave me the text, I ____ it by Monday (translate).

13. If she ____ me the text, I would have translated it by Monday but she didn’t manage to xerox it yesterday (give).

14. ____ you ____ us the Seller’s letter of guarantee certifying good quality and delivery of the video equipment, we ____ payments within 30 days of the date of receipt (send, make).

15. a), b), c) If he ____ responsible for making an official examination of the accounts of this company, the job ____ in two weeks (be, be completed).

a) I am sure he will complete the job in two weeks;

b) I am not sure that the head of the External Audit Department

will assign him this job;

c) The head of the External Audit Department didn’t assign him this job.

Note 1

The idea of dependence on chance or on someone else’s wishes can be emphasized by using SHOULD. In this case, SHOULD can occur in the IF-clause or can begin the subordinate clause.

e.g. If you should be interested, I will send you a copy of this document.

Should you be interested, I will send you a copy of this document.

Note 2

It is also possible to indicate a past unreal condition without using the word IF. In this case, the operator HAD is placed before the subject. This is typical of formal style.

e.g. Had you informed us earlier, we would have taken the necessary steps.

SPEAKING

Work in pairs. Make up dialogues based on the topic “Asking for advice when starting a business of your own”.

Situation: Student A is going to start a business of his/ her own: setting up a bookshop, a special school for gifted children, a car repair garage, a coffee bar, a joint venture, a ladies’ hairdressing salon, a sweet-shop, a privately owned marketing consultant office etc. Student A is having an interview with the head of Credit and Risk Department of a local bank (Student B) with the object of asking for advice on business and money matters and getting a loan.

Language prompts:

A

_________________________________________________________________

1. You see, I am thinking of starting up ... / setting up ... .

2. I’d like to go into ... (business).

3. Could you give me some financial advice?

4. I am sure the competition in this business is strong but ... .

5. I’d like to get a short-term loan to cover the start-up costs.

6. Could I borrow ... rubles from your bank to cover the start-up costs?

7. What are the credit terms at your bank?

8. What is the interest rate at your bank?

9. Could I offer my ... as security for the loan?

10. My total assets would be about ... rubles.

11. I have two liabilities to pay; they are my debts amounting to ...

rubles.

12. I will take that into consideration by all means.

B

__________________________________________________________

1. What sort of business are you going to set up?

2. What type of company are you going to set up?

3. Have you ever worked in this field?

4. Have you done a market survey?

5. I advise you to really look into the arguments for and against

going into this business.

6. I advise you to look very closely at the venture.

7. Have you calculated your present assets? What do they come to/

amount to?

8. I strongly recommend a breakdown of the start-up costs.

9. Do you have any savings in our bank?

10. Do you actually own your own flat/ house?

11. My advice is that you shouldn’t .../ I advise against spending

a lot of money on decorating the premises.

12. Your liabilities should not exceed your assets.

TOPICAL SPEAKING TASKS

Working in pairs discuss the following questions under the headings

I - V. Give a talk in class on the topic “Company share capital” making use of TEXT A as well as exercise 3.

I. Ownership in a company