Грамматический обзор 2
Обратите внимание на спряжение глаголов to be и to have и их употребление в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple Tense)
Формы глагола to be |
||
Утвердительная |
Вопросительная |
Отрицательная |
I am … |
Am I … ? |
I am not … |
He/she/it is … |
Is he/she/it … ? |
He/she/it is not … |
We/you/they are … |
Are we/you/they … ? |
We/you/they are not … |
Формы глагола to have |
||
I/you have … |
Have I/you … ? |
I/you have not … |
He/she/it has … |
Has he/she/it … ? |
He/she/it has not… |
We/you/they have … |
Have we/you/they … ? |
We/you/they have not … |
1
)
be
am/
is/ are
Present
Simple Tense
Утвердительные I
am a first-year student.
предложения English is difficult to learn.
These books are interesting.
Those books are written in English.
Вопросительные Is
he a first-year student?
Are these books interesting?
Are they written in English?
What
is important?
Why is it important to learn English?
Отрицательные
He
is not a student/ He isn’t a student.
These books are not interesting/ These books
aren’t interesting.
2 ) Have has/ has got/ have/ have got Present Simple Tense
Утвердительные I
have (got) many English books/ I’ve got
many English books.
He has (got) some money/ He’s got some money.
They have (got) some interesting information on the
subject/ They’ve got some interesting information
on the subject.
The room has (got) five windows. (= There are five
windows in this room).
В
опросительные Have
you got any English books?
How many English books have you got?
How many windows has your room got?
Do you have any English books? (American
English)
How many English books do you have? (AmE)
Have you (got) any English books in the house? ( =
= Are there any English books in your house?)
О трицательные I have not got many English books/ I haven’t got many English books.
She has not got a dictionary/She hasn’t got
a dictionary.
Note: Употребление have got более характерно для британского (а не американского) английского.
Exercise 4. Working in pairs completes the questions and answer them. Remember: the verbs is, are, has, have act as OPERATORS. (The operators are the auxiliaries which make the verbal group finite, that is having limits of number, person and tense).
1 ____ English grammar difficult to learn?
2 ____ it important to know the meaning of some words in
context?
3 ____ you interested in studying banking?
4 Does English ____ many financial and economic terms?
5 ____ there many tense forms in English?
6 ____ English got many endings?
7 ____ you got any information about the use of English in
countries other than Great Britain?
8 ____ this town got many banks?
Exercise 5. Make structural changes according to the model :
T
his
book is easy to read To read this book is easy
This book is easy for me to read Reading this book is
easy for me.
1. It is important to learn a foreign language.
2. This sentence is not difficult to understand.
3. These sounds are easy to pronounce.
4. This article is difficult to translate.
Грамматический обзор 3
Односложные и некоторые двусложные прилагательные (а также наречия) образуют сравнительную и превосходную степени по следующим моделям (при этом символ Adj – исходная форма прилагательного, а -er и -est – словообразовательные суффиксы):
1. Сравнительная степень – Adj + er (than).
This problem is simpler than that one.
Эта проблема/задача проще, чем та/проще той.
2. Превосходная степень – Adj + est.
This is the simplest problem.
Это самая простая проблема/задача.
Многосложные прилагательные образуют сравнительную и превосходную степени следующим образом:
1. Сравнительная степень – more + Adj (than).
This text is more difficult than that one.
Этот текст труднее, чем тот.
2. Превосходная степень – most + Adj.
This is the most difficult text.
Это самый трудный текст.
Запомните образование степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий «хороший», «плохой», «мало», «много», данных в таблице в рамке. Степени сравнения этих прилагательных и наречий образуются от разных основ.
-
good
bad
little
muchmany
better
worse
less
more
the best
the worst
the least
the most