- •М. А. Хлыбова английский язык для аспирантов
- •614090, Россия, г. Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 23
- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Требования, предъявляемые к кандидатскому экзамену по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
- •Содержание кандидатского экзамена
- •Структура кандидатского экзамена
- •Vocabulary
- •Учебные тексты
- •Unit 1. Starting postgraduate studies
- •1) Match the words in English with their Russian equivalents.
- •6) Add the qualities found in the previous task to the list below. Choose 5 most important qualities for postgraduate students and rank them.
- •7) Translate the sentences and identify what part of speech the word «research» is (noun / verb / adjective).
- •8) Translate into Russian and make sentences with the following word combinations.
- •9) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •10) Answer the following questions.
- •11) Here are some parts of a dialogue. Match questions with suitable responses. Learn and act out the dialogue.
- •12) Read the text carefully and find some differences and similarities in the postgraduate course in the United Kingdom and that of our country.
- •13) Ask your friend using Present Continuous Active (see Appendix 2.1).
- •14) Use the correct form of the verb in brackets in the Active voice (see Appendix 2.1). Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •15) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English. Pay attention to the tense form.
- •16) Put questions to the above sentences.
- •17) Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text:
- •18) Complete the sentences using the words and word combinations given in brackets.
- •19) Speak about your research work answering the following questions.
- •20) Insert the right word: subject, object, aim, research questions, significance, motivation for the study, methods.
- •21) Speak about the structure of your research. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.1.
- •22) Answer the questions.
- •Unit 2. Attending an academic conference
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the words in English with their Russian equivalents.
- •2) Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words or word combinations.
- •3) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •4) Answer the following questions.
- •5) Read the following dialogues in parts. Learn and act out the dialogues.
- •6) Complete the following sentences with suitable modal verbs (see Appendix 2.2).
- •7) Explain the differences between the conferences given above. The points to be covered:
- •8) Write a letter to the organizing committee of the conference you are going to attend. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.2.
- •9) Fill in the application form to register for the conference. Conference application form
- •10) Speak about your participation in the conferences answering the following questions.
- •11) Translate into English using modal verbs.
- •12) Read and translate the text. Analyze the use of modal verbs.
- •13) Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text.
- •14) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.
- •Unit 3. Writing abstracts
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •2) Answer the following questions.
- •Informative abstracts
- •Informative abstract:
- •3) Explain the differences between descriptive and informative abstracts. The points to be covered:
- •5) Match the following Russian and English sentences. Pay attention to the verbs of the Passive voice (see Appendix 2.3).
- •6) Complete the following sentences with appropriate verbs in the Passive voice.
- •7) Rewrite the sentences in the Passive voice.
- •8) Translate the verbs and put them in the appropriate tense form of the Passive voice given in brackets.
- •9) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.
- •10) Write an informative abstract of your own article using the key patterns and word combinations (see Appendix 1.3). Unit 4. Making and delivering a presentation
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Answer these questions.
- •2) Learn the following introductory words which are useful for delivering a presentation.
- •3) These are some expressions used in the presentation. Put them in a logical order. Pay attention to the introductory words.
- •4) Match the words and phrases with different stages of a presentation.
- •5) Choose the right preposition.
- •6) Complete the following presentation with appropriate words from the box.
- •7) Complete the following sentences with the correct word.
- •8) Rearrange these sentences to make a complete presentation. Pay attention to using the introductory words given above.
- •9) Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood (see Appendix 2.6).
- •10) Translate the following sentences into Russian. Define the type of conditional sentences (see Appendix 2.7).
- •11) Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations and memorize them.
- •12) Translate the following sentences and analyze the use of Participles (see Appendix 2.8.3).
- •13) Choose the correct form of Participles.
- •14) Answer the following questions.
- •15) Here are some rules for using visual aids. For each one select the correct missing word from the options.
- •16) Choose the correct verb from the in the box below and put it into the sentence. Make sure the verb agrees with the subject.
- •17) Imagine you are delivering a presentation at the conference. Use the following patterns (see Appendix 1.4). Unit 5. Reading and reviewing professional literature
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the following Russian and English sentences.
- •2) Answer the following questions.
- •3) Answer the following questions using the words and word combinations given in brackets.
- •4) Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian paying attention to the underlined word combinations.
- •5) Complete the sentences using the professional vocabulary.
- •6) Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive, its functions in the sentence. Find objective and subjective infinitive constructions (see Appendix 2.8.1).
- •7) Answer the following questions about the book and review given above.
- •8) Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Gerunds (see Appendix 2.8.2).
- •9) Transform the following sentences using the Gerund. The beginning of a new sentence is given to you. Do as in the model.
- •10) Read the following text. Underline and analyze the use of the Gerunds in the text.
- •11) Translate the following sentences into English.
- •12) Speak about your own publications. Use the following questions as a guide for your talk. Use phrases given in vocabulary (see Appendix 1.5).
- •13) Translate the texts above and write reviews using the phrases from Appendix 1.5.
- •14) Write a review of a book you would like to recommend to your fellow-students using the phrases from Appendix 1.5. The points to be covered:
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix 1. Useful language
- •1.1. Structure of research
- •1.2. Letter of (Conference) Attendance
- •1.3. Abstract writing
- •1.4. Presentation structure
- •Inviting questions
- •1.5. Discussing a scientific publication
- •2.1. Времена в действительном залоге
- •Времена группы Simple
- •Appendix 2. Grammar Notes
- •2.2. Модальные глаголы
- •2.3. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов
- •2.5. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •2.6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •2.7. Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •If Condition, (then) Statement – Если Условие, (то) Утверждение.
- •1) Условные предложения первого типа (First Conditional sentences)
- •2) Условные предложения второго типа (Second Conditional sentences)
- •3) Условные предложения третьего типа (Third Conditional sentences)
- •4) Смешанный тип 1
- •5) Смешанный тип 2
- •2.8. Неличные формы глагола (Non-Finite Forms of the Verb)
- •2.8.1. Инфинитив (the Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •2.8.2. Герундий (the Gerund)
- •Функции герундия в предложении
- •2.8.3. Причастие (the Participle)
- •2.9. Порядок слов в предложении
- •2.10. Эмфатические конструкции
1.3. Abstract writing
The article (paper, book, etc.) deals with… |
Эта статья (работа, книга и т.д.) касается… |
The article describes… |
В статье описывается… |
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between... and... |
Целью данной научной статьи является исследование зависимости между... и... |
One aim of this paper is to provide an overview of... |
Одна из целей данной статьи заключается в обзоре... |
It is specially noted that … |
Особенно отмечается, что … |
A mention should be made of… |
Упоминается… |
It is spoken in detail about … |
Подробно говорится o … |
It is reported that … |
Сообщается, что … |
The text gives a valuable information on… |
Текст дает ценную инфор-мацию… |
Much attention is given to… |
Большое внимание уде-ляется… |
The article is of great help to … |
Эта статья окажет большую помощь… |
The article is of interest to… |
Эта статья представляет интерес для… |
The article gives a detailed analysis of … |
Статья дает детальный анализ… |
The article draws our attention to… |
Статья привлекает наше внимание к… |
It should be stressed (emphasized) that… |
Следует подчеркнуть, что… |
We made the assumption that … |
Мы сделали допущение, что… |
The experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed method |
Эксперимент демонстрирует эффективность предлагаемого метода |
1.4. Presentation structure
Greeting, name, position
Good morning. My name’s ….
I’m ...
Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.
Title / Subject
I’d like to talk (to you) today about ….
I’m going to |
present the recent …. explain our position on …. brief you on …. inform you about …. describe …. |
The |
subject focus of my topic |
talk presentation paper speech |
Purpose / Objective
We are here today to |
decide… learn about… |
The purpose of this talk is to |
update you on …. put you in the picture about …. give the background to …. |
Length
I’ll only take … minutes of your time.
I plan to be brief.
This should only last … minutes.
Outline / Main parts
I have divided my presentation into four parts / sections. They are ….
The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ….
We can break this area down into the following fields:
Firstly / First of all ….
Secondly / then / next ….
Thirdly / and then we come to ….
Finally / lastly / last of all …
Questions
I would be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.
Please interrupt me if there is something which needs clarifying. Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at the end.
Reference to the audience
I can see many of you are ….
You all look as though you have heard this before.
As I am sure you know ….
You may remember ….
I’m sure we would all agree ….
Signalling the end
That brings me to the end of my presentation.
That completes my presentation.
Before I stop / finish, let me just say ….
That covers all I wanted to say today.
Summarizing
Let me just run over the key points again.
I’ll briefly summarize the main issues.
To sum up...
Briefly ….
Concluding
As you can see, there are some very good reasons ….
In conclusion ….
I’d like to leave you with the following thought / idea.
Recommending
So, I would suggest that we ….
I’d like to propose (more formal).
In my opinion, the only way forward is ….
Closing
Thank you for your attention.
Thank you for listening.
I hope you will have gained an insight into ….