Review b
A friend asks you your opinion about the importance of the rainforests. Say what you think.
In my opinion, the rainforests are very important for the future of the earth.
A friend who has never visited your country asks for your advice about place to see in Egypt.
If you ask me, I think you should visit the Pyramids and the Sphinx.
A friend from another country wants to phone someone from a public phone in Egypt. He / she has never done this before. Tell him / her what to do first.
First of all, pick up the telephone, insert a coin, and wait until you hear a high noise. Then dial the number.
Someone asks what you think about films which have been made from books.
I think films are usually more interesting than books.
**Expressing surprise التعبير عن الدهشة
- Good Heavens! يا لسماء ! - What a lovely surprise! يا لها من مفاجئة سارة!
1. You have just heard that a plane crashed and all the passengers died.
2. Your brother tells you that our national team won the final match.
** Expressing hope التعبير عن الأمل
- I hope you get well soon. أتمنى أن تتحسن بسرعة - I hope you find your handbag.
1. Your friend is so ill. You are visiting him at hospital.
2. Your classmate has lost his bag. Express hope.
**Expressing worry التعبير عن القلق
- I'm rather worried about… - I'm a bit concerned about... أنا قلق لحد ما على .....
1. Your little brother is so late outside at night. You are worried about him.
Zero
Conditional
present simple , present simple = present simple present simple
- تعبر هذه الحالة عن حقيقة ثابتة لا تتغير ولا ترتبط بزمن معين مثل الحقائق العلمية و الحقائق الاخري المسلم بها:
- If you heat ice, it melts. – Streets become wet if it rains.
- If water is frozen, it turns into ice. - If we mix red and green, we get orange.
- لابد ان تكون الحقيقة عامة و ليست خاصة واذا كانت الحقيقة خاصة نستخدم الحالة الاولي :
- If you heat the ice in this pan, it will melt. – Streets will become wet if it rains tonight.
- يمكن استخدام (when ) بدلا من (if) في الحالة الصفرية:
- When you heat ice, it melts. – Streets become wet when it rains.
First Conditional
present simple , will/may/ can/ must/should/ might+inf……
= will/may/ can/ must/should/ might+inf…… present simple
2- - تعبر الحالة االشرطية الاولي امكانية لحدوث شىء في المستقبل تـتوفر شروط حدوثه:
- يمكن ان تكون جملة جواب الشرط في صيغة الامر لاعطاء الامر المشروط :
-If Ali phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
- لاحظ انه يمكن استخدام (it is + adj. + to + inf. ) في جملة جواب الشرط:
- If I find a good flat, it is easy to get married. - It is difficult to breathe if you climb Mount Everest.
(If) بدائـــــــــــــل أداة الشـــــــــــــــــــــرط
- أولا : يمكن استخدام الكلمات الآتية بدلا من If ) ) ويليها جملة مع مراعاة معني كل اداة:
- in the event (that) في حالة حدوث - provided (that) بشرط أن - in case تحسبا لــــــ - only if فقط لو
- provided) that ( بشرط أن - As long asطالما - Whether…….or notسواء ....... أو لا .....
- I'll attend the party provided that he invites me.
- I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay it back soon.
- ثانيا : يمكن استخدام الكلمات الآتية بدلا من If ) ) ويليها n. / v.ing ) ) :
In case of في حالة + noun/ v. ing……
- In case of getting his passport, he will travel abroad.
Unless = Except if = If not + جملة
- You will be late if you don't hurry. = You will be late unless you hurry.
= You will be late except if you hurry.
Without ( But for ) + noun/ v. ing………….
- Without (But for) hurrying, you will be late.- It is difficult to breathe if you climb Mount Everest.
في الحالة الاولي(If) حذف أداة الشرط
- يمكن استخدام (should) بدلا من If ) ) في الحالة الشرطية الاولي كالتالي:
Should + subj. + inf……., subj.+ will+inf……….
- Should she study hard, she will pass the test.
- Should he get his passport, he will travel abroad.
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