Workbook : Unit 8
A friend asks you whether you would like to go somewhere together at the weekend.
What about going to the beach?
Your friend does not want to go to the beach, but suggests the swimming pool.
Let’s go to the swimming pool.
A friend suggests that you join a book club together, but you would like to join a sports club.
I would prefer to join a sports club.
A friend suggests going to the cinema in your town tomorrow. You are not sure.
I ’m not sure about that. Exercises
الكلام الغير مباشر
N
otes
Communicationills
Second Conditional
…..past simple…… ,……….would/might/ could+inf……..…
= ………..would/might/ could+inf……..…+inf………… past simple
- تعبر الحالة الثانية عن موقف غير محتمل أو شيء تخيلي في المضارع:
- If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
= I would buy a big house if I had a million dollars.
- If he liked milk, he would drink this glass. – If I were a bird, I could fly.
- يمكن أن تعبر الحالة الثانية أحيانا عن شيء مستحيل:
- If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.
- يمكن استخدام (was/were) مع المفرد:
- If I (was/were) a millionaire, I’d build a big hospital.
- If she (was/were) healthy, she could help her mum.
- It is difficult to breathe if you climb Mount Everest.
- تستخدم الحالة الثانية ايضا للتعبير عن النصيحة:
- If I were you, I’d help poor people. – If I were you, I wouldn't waste my time.
- لاحظ ان الصيغة السابقة تستخدم ايضا للتخيل:
- If I were a car , I'd like to be a Mercedes.- If she were a boy, she wouldn't be more brave.
(If) بدائل أداة الشرط
- يمكن استخدام الكلمات الآتية بدلا من If ) ) ويليها n. / v.ing ) ) :
In case of فيحالة/ Withبـ/ Byبـ + noun/ v. ing………….
- In case of getting his passport, he would travel abroad.
- She would pass the test with / by studying hard.
Unless = Except if = If not + جملة
- You would be late if you didn't hurry. = You would be late unless you hurried.
= You would be late except if you hurried.
Without / But for / If it weren’t for + noun/ v. ing………….
- Without (But for) hurrying, you would be late.
- تحـــل ( V. ing /n.+( If it were not for محـــل ( But for - without ) فى الحالـة الثانيـة:
If it were not for + v.ing/n… subj.+ Would + inf. ….
- But for her cleverness, she would get low marks. : If it weren't for her cleverness,……….
في الحالة الثانية (If) حذف أداة الشرط
1- يمكن ان تحذف (if) و تبدأ الجملة بـ (were ) و يأتي بعدها : (to + inf.)
Were+ subj. + to+ inf……., subj. + v. + would+inf……….
- If he worked hard, he would succeed. = Were he to work hard, he would succeed.
2- وإذا كانت were ) ) فعل أساسي في الجملة تأتي مكان( (if:
Were+ subj. + adj. ……., subj. +v. + would+inf……….
- If I were tall, I would play basketball. = Were I tall, I would play basketball.
3ـ تحـــل Had محـــل If فـى الحــالــة الثـانيـة ويليـهـا اســم بشرط أن تكون فعلا اساسي للجملة :
Had+ subj. ……., ……. subj. v. + would+inf……….
- If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house. : Had I a million dollars,……...
Third Conditional
…..pastperfect…… ,……….would/might/ could+have + pp……..…
: ………..would/might/ could+ have + pp……..…………… past perfect
-تستخدم الحالة الثالثة للتعبير عن احداث وقعت في الماضي و بالتالي فهي شرط مستحيل الحدوث و تستخدم للانتقاد او التعبير عن الندم:
- If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
- If we had played a little better, we could have won the game.
- You could have bought a computer If you had saved your money.
- يمكن أن تأتي (Had ) بدلا من ( if ) :
- Had you driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
- Had you played a little better, we could have won the game.
- تحـــل ( V. ing /n.+( If it hadn't been for محـــل ( But for - without ) فى الحالـة الثالثـة:
If it hadn't been for + v.ing/n… subj.+ Would + inf.
- Without (But for) his help, I would have failed.
= If it hadn’t been for his help, I would have failed.
.