- •Table of Contents
- •About this manual
- •Welcome!
- •VST Connections: Setting up input and output busses
- •About this chapter
- •Setting up busses
- •External instruments/effects
- •Using the busses
- •Setting up Groups and FX channels
- •About monitoring
- •The Project window
- •Background
- •Window Overview
- •Operations
- •Options
- •Playback and the Transport panel
- •Background
- •Operations
- •Options and Settings
- •Recording
- •Background
- •Basic recording methods
- •Audio recording specifics
- •MIDI recording specifics
- •Options and Settings
- •Recovery of audio recordings after system failure
- •Fades, crossfades and envelopes
- •Creating fades
- •The Fade dialogs
- •Creating crossfades
- •The Crossfade dialog
- •Auto Fades and Crossfades
- •Event Envelopes
- •The Arranger track
- •Introduction
- •Setting up the Arranger track
- •Working with arranger events
- •Flattening the Arranger chain
- •Live Mode
- •Arranging your music to video
- •Folder tracks
- •About folder tracks
- •Handling folder tracks
- •Working with folder parts
- •Using markers
- •About markers
- •The Marker window
- •Using the Marker track
- •Marker key commands
- •Editing markers in the Project Browser
- •The Transpose functions
- •Introduction
- •Transposing your music
- •Other functions
- •The mixer
- •About this chapter
- •Overview
- •Configuring the mixer
- •The audio-related channel strips
- •The MIDI channel strips
- •The common panel
- •The input and output channels
- •Basic mixing procedures
- •Audio specific procedures
- •MIDI specific procedures
- •Utilities
- •VST Mixer Diagrams
- •Control Room
- •Background
- •Configuring the Control Room
- •The Control Room Overview
- •The Control Room Mixer
- •Control Room operations
- •Studios and Studio Sends
- •Direct Monitoring and latency
- •WK-Audio’s ID Controller
- •Audio effects
- •About this chapter
- •Overview
- •Insert effects
- •Send effects
- •Setting up send effects
- •Using the Side-Chain input
- •Using external effects
- •Making settings for the effects
- •Effect presets
- •VST Instruments and Instrument tracks
- •Introduction
- •VST Instrument channels vs. instrument tracks
- •VST Instrument channels
- •Instrument tracks
- •Comparison
- •Automation considerations
- •What do I need? Instrument channel or Instrument track?
- •Instrument Freeze
- •VST instruments and processor load
- •Using presets for VSTi configuration
- •About latency
- •External instruments
- •Surround sound
- •Background
- •Operations
- •Automation
- •Introduction
- •Enabling and disabling the writing of automation data
- •What can be automated?
- •The Automation panel
- •Virgin territory vs. the initial value
- •Automation modes
- •Automation performance utilities
- •The Settings section
- •Hints and further options
- •Automation track operations
- •Working with automation curves
- •Audio processing and functions
- •Background
- •Audio processing
- •Applying plug-ins
- •The Offline Process History dialog
- •Batch Processing
- •Freeze Edits
- •Detect Silence
- •The Spectrum Analyzer
- •Statistics
- •The Sample Editor
- •Background
- •Window overview
- •General Operations
- •Options and settings
- •Audio Warp realtime processing / Tempo matching audio to the project tempo
- •Working with hitpoints and slices
- •Free Warp
- •Realtime pitch-shifting of audio events
- •Flattening the realtime processing
- •The Audio Part Editor
- •Background
- •Opening the Audio Part Editor
- •Window overview
- •Operations
- •Common methods
- •Options and Settings
- •The Pool
- •Background
- •Window overview
- •Operations
- •VST Sound
- •Introduction
- •The MediaBay
- •Introduction
- •Window overview
- •Browsing for media files
- •Finding files in the Viewer section
- •Previewing files in the Scope section
- •The Tag Editor
- •Media management
- •Track Presets
- •Introduction
- •Types of track presets
- •VST presets
- •Browsing for presets
- •Creating a track preset
- •Creating tracks from track presets or VST presets
- •Applying track presets
- •Previewing track and VST presets
- •Inserts and EQ settings from track presets
- •Track Quick Controls
- •Introduction
- •Setting up the Quick Controls tab
- •Options and settings
- •Setting up quick controls on an external remote controller
- •MIDI realtime parameters and effects
- •Introduction
- •Basic track settings
- •MIDI Modifiers
- •MIDI effects
- •Managing plug-ins
- •MIDI processing and quantizing
- •Introduction
- •The Quantizing functions
- •Making your settings permanent
- •Dissolve Part
- •Repeat Loop
- •Other MIDI functions
- •The MIDI editors
- •About editing MIDI
- •Opening a MIDI editor
- •Key Editor operations
- •Edit In-Place
- •List Editor operations
- •Introduction
- •Opening the Logical Editor
- •Window overview
- •Selecting a preset
- •Setting up filter conditions
- •Selecting a function
- •Specifying actions
- •Applying the defined actions
- •Working with presets
- •The Input Transformer
- •The Project Logical Editor
- •Introduction
- •Opening the Project Logical Editor
- •Window overview
- •Selecting a preset
- •Setting up filter conditions
- •Selecting a function
- •Specifying actions
- •Applying the defined actions
- •Working with presets
- •Working with System Exclusive messages
- •Introduction
- •Bulk dumps
- •Recording System Exclusive parameter changes
- •Editing System Exclusive messages
- •Working with the Tempo track
- •Background
- •Operations
- •Process Tempo
- •The Process Bars dialog
- •Options and settings
- •The Beat Calculator
- •Merge Tempo From Tapping
- •The Time Warp tool
- •The Project Browser
- •Window Overview
- •Editing tracks
- •The Track Sheet
- •Overview
- •Printing the Track Sheet
- •Export Audio Mixdown
- •Introduction
- •Mixing down to an audio file
- •The available file formats
- •Synchronization
- •Background
- •Synchronization signals
- •Synchronizing the transport vs. synchronizing audio
- •Making basic settings and connections
- •Synchronization settings
- •Timecode Preferences
- •Machine Control
- •Setting up Machine Control
- •Working with VST System Link
- •Preparations
- •Activating VST System Link
- •Application examples
- •Video
- •Background
- •Before you start
- •Operations
- •The Edit Mode
- •Working with film transfers
- •Compensating for film transfers to video
- •ReWire
- •Introduction
- •Launching and quitting
- •Activating ReWire channels
- •Using the transport and tempo controls
- •How the ReWire channels are handled in Nuendo
- •Routing MIDI via ReWire2
- •Considerations and limitations
- •File handling
- •Working with Projects
- •Startup Options
- •Working with libraries
- •Revert
- •Importing audio
- •Exporting and importing OMF files
- •Exporting and importing AAF files
- •Exporting and importing AES31 files
- •Exporting and importing OpenTL files
- •Importing XSend projects from Liquid
- •Exporting and importing standard MIDI files
- •Exporting and importing MIDI loops
- •Exporting and importing tracks
- •Other Import/Export functions
- •Cleanup
- •Customizing
- •Background
- •Workspaces
- •The Setup dialogs
- •Customizing track controls
- •Configuring the main menu items
- •About preference presets
- •Appearance
- •Applying track and event colors
- •Where are the settings stored?
- •Key commands
- •Introduction
- •Setting up key commands
- •Setting up tool modifier keys
- •The default key commands
- •Index
Managing Batch Processes
You can delete and rename created batch processes in the Manage Batch Processes dialog.
Freeze Edits
The Freeze Edits function on the Audio menu allows you to make all processing and applied effects permanent for a clip:
1.Select the clip in the Pool or one of its events in the Project window.
2.Select “Freeze Edits…” from the Audio menu.
• If there is only one edit version of the clip (no other clips refer to the same audio file), the following dialog will appear:
•Open the Audio menu and select “Manage…” from the Batch Processes submenu to open the Manage Batch Processes dialog.
The created batch processes are listed in the left column, and the operations each batch process contains are listed in the right column.
•To remove a batch process, just select it in the list and click “Delete”.
•To change the name of a batch process, select it in the list and click “Rename” and enter the new name.
If you select “Replace”, all edits will be applied to the original audio file (the one listed in the clip’s Path column in the Pool). If you select “New File”, the Freeze Edits operation will create a new file in the Audio folder within the project folder (leaving the original audio file unaffected).
• If the selected clip (or the clip played by the selected event) has several edit versions (i.e. there are other clips referring to the same audio file), the following alert will appear:
As you can see, you don’t have the option to Replace the original audio file in this case. This is because that audio file is used by other clips. Select “New File” to have a new file created in the Audio folder within the project folder.
After a Freeze Edits, the clip refers to a new, single audio file. If you open the Offline Process History dialog for the clip, the list will be empty.
253 — Audio processing and functions
Detect Silence
The Detect Silence function on the Advanced submenu of the Audio menu searches for silent sections in an event and either splits the event, removing the silent parts from the project, or creates regions corresponding to the nonsilent sections. Proceed as follows:
1.Select the event in the Project window or the Audio Part Editor.
You can select several events if you like, in which case you will be allowed to make separate settings for each selected event.
2.Select “Detect Silence” from the Advanced submenu of the Audio menu.
The Detect Silence dialog appears.
3.Adjust the settings in the Detection section to the left.
They have the following functionality:
Setting |
Description |
Open |
When the audio level exceeds this value, the function will |
Threshold |
“open”, i.e. let the sound through. |
|
Set this low enough to open when a sound starts, but |
|
high enough to remove unwanted noise during “silent” |
|
sections. |
Close |
When the audio level drops below this value, the function |
Threshold |
will “close”. This value cannot be higher than the Open |
|
Threshold value. |
|
Set this high enough to remove unwanted noise during |
|
“silent” sections. |
Linked |
If this checkbox is ticked, Open and Close Threshold will |
|
have the same value. |
|
|
Setting |
Description |
min. time |
Determines the minimum time that the function will re- |
open |
main “open” after the audio level has exceeded the Open |
|
Threshold value. |
|
If the audio contains repeated short sounds, and you find |
|
that this results in too many short “open” sections, try |
|
raising this value. |
min. time |
Determines the minimum time that the function will re- |
closed |
main “closed” after the audio level has dropped below |
|
the Close Threshold value. |
|
Usually you would want to set this to a low value, to avoid |
|
removing sounds. |
Pre-Roll |
Allows you to have the function “open” slightly before the |
|
audio level exceeds the Open Threshold value. In other |
|
words, the start of each “open” section is moved to the |
|
left according to the time you set here. |
|
This is useful to avoid removing the attack of sounds. |
Post-Roll |
Allows you to have the function “close” slightly after the |
|
audio level drops below the Close Threshold value. |
|
This is useful to avoid removing the natural decay of |
|
sounds. |
|
|
4. Click the “Compute” button.
The audio event is analyzed, and the waveform display is redrawn to indicate which sections will be considered “silent”, according to your settings. Above the Compute Button the number of detected regions is displayed.
• If you activate the “auto” checkbox next to the Compute button, the audio event will be analyzed (and the display will be updated) automatically every time you change the settings in the Detection section of the dialog.
Please note that you should not activate this option when you are working with very long files, as this process might take some time.
Audio processing and functions — 254
• You can use the Preview function to listen to the result.
The event is played back repeatedly in its entire length, but with the “closed” sections silenced.
5.Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you are satisfied with the result.
6.Select the desired result, by activating either the “Add as Regions” or the “Strip Silence” checkbox, or both.
“Add as Regions” will create regions according to the non-silent sections. “Strip Silence” will split the event at the start and end of each nonsilent section, and remove the silent sections in between.
7.If you activate “Add as Regions”, you can specify a name for the Regions in the Region Name field.
In addition to the name, the regions will be numbered, starting with the number specified in the Auto Number Start field.
8.Click “Process”.
The event is split and/or regions are added.
The result of the “Strip Silence” option.
• If you selected more than one event in step 1 above, you can activate the “process all” checkbox to apply the same settings to all selected events. If you don’t activate this, the dialog will appear again, allowing you to make separate settings for each event.
The Spectrum Analyzer
This function analyzes the selected audio, computes the average “spectrum” (level distribution over the frequency range) and displays this as a two-dimensional graph, with frequency on the x-axis and level on the y-axis.
1.Make an audio selection (a clip, an event or a range selection).
2.Select “Spectrum Analyzer” from the Audio menu.
A dialog with settings for the analysis appears.
The default values give good results in most situations, but you can adjust the settings if you like:
Setting Description
Size in Samples The function divides the audio into “analysis blocks”, the size of which is set here. The larger this value, the higher the frequency resolution of the resulting spectrum.
Size of Overlap The overlap between each analysis block.
Window used |
Allows you to select which window type should be used |
|
for the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform, the mathematical |
|
method used for computing the spectrum). |
Normalized |
When this is activated, the resulting level values are |
Values |
scaled, so that the highest level is displayed as “1” |
|
(0dB). |
From Stereo |
When analyzing stereo material, there is a pop-up menu |
|
with the following options: |
|
Mono mix – the stereo signal is mixed to mono before an- |
|
alyzing. |
|
Mono left/right – the left or right channel signal is used |
|
for analysis. |
|
Stereo – both channels are analyzed (two separate spec- |
|
trums will be displayed). |
|
|
255 — Audio processing and functions
3. Click the “Process” button.
The spectrum is computed and displayed as a graph.
4. You can adjust the display with the settings in the display window:
Setting |
Description |
dB |
When this is activated, the vertical axis shows dB values. |
|
When it is deactivated, values between 0 and 1 are |
|
shown. |
Freq. log |
When this is activated, frequencies (on the horizontal |
|
axis) are displayed on a logarithmic scale. When it is de- |
|
activated, the frequency axis is linear. |
Precision |
Indicates the frequency resolution of the graph. This |
|
value cannot be changed here, but is governed by the |
|
Size in Samples setting in the previous dialog. |
Frequency/ |
Allows you to select whether you want the frequencies to |
Note |
be displayed in Hertz or with note names. |
Min. |
Sets the lowest frequency shown in the graph. |
Max. |
Sets the highest frequency shown in the graph. By ad- |
|
justing the Min and Max values, you can take a closer look |
|
at a smaller frequency range. |
Active |
When this is activated, the next Spectrum Analysis will |
|
appear in the same window. When deactivated, new |
|
Spectrum Analysis results will appear in separate win- |
|
dows. |
|
|
5. If you move the mouse pointer over the graph, a crosshair cursor follows the graph curve and the display in the upper right corner shows the frequency/note and level at the current position.
To compare the level between two frequencies, move the pointer to one of the frequencies, right-click once and move the pointer to the second frequency. The delta value (the difference in level between the current position and the right-click position) is displayed in the upper right corner (labeled “D”).
• If you analyze stereo audio and selected the “Stereo” option in the first dialog, the graphs for the left and right channel are superimposed in the display, with the left channel graph in white and the right channel graph in yellow.
The display in the upper right corner shows the values for the left channel
– to see the right channel values, hold down [Shift]. An “L” or “R” is displayed to indicate which channel values are shown.
6. You can leave the window open or close it by clicking the “Close” button.
If you leave it open and the “Active” checkbox is ticked, the result of the next Spectrum Analysis will be displayed in the same window.
Statistics
The Statistics function on the Audio menu analyzes the selected audio (events, clips or range selections) and displays a window with the following information:
Item |
Description |
Min. Sample |
The lowest sample value in the selection, as a value be- |
Value |
tween -1 and 1 and in dB. |
Max. Sample |
The highest sample value in the selection, as a value be- |
Value |
tween -1 and 1 and in dB. |
Peak Amplitude The largest sample value (in absolute numbers) in the selection, in dB.
DC Offset |
The amount of DC Offset (see “Remove DC Offset” on |
|
page 247) in the selection, as a percentage and in dB. |
Estimated |
Even though an audio file is in 16 or 24 bits, it may have |
Resolution |
been converted from a lower resolution. The Estimated |
|
Resolution value makes an educated guess about the ac- |
|
tual audio resolution, by computing the smallest level dif- |
|
ference between two samples. |
|
|
Audio processing and functions — 256
Item |
Description |
Estimated Pitch |
The estimated pitch of the audio selection. |
Sample Rate |
The sample rate of the audio selection. |
Min. RMS |
The lowest loudness (RMS) measured in the selection. |
Power |
|
Max. RMS |
The highest loudness (RMS) measured in the selection. |
Power |
|
Average |
The average loudness over the whole selection. |
|
|
257 — Audio processing and functions
