1296 Index

bleaching 25

– activators 880

– additives 818–822

– alkaline peroxide bleaching 877

– alternative bleaching methods 885–887

– atmospheric downflow reactors 624–625

– atmospheric peroxide bleaching 866–867

– atmospheric steam mixers 622–623

– atmospheric upflow reactors 623–624

– Basidiomycetes 886

– bis-creosol 746

– brightening stages 613

– brightness see brightness

– 4-carbomethoxymethyl-4-methylbutenolide

746

– carbonyl groups 1234

– catalyzed peroxide bleaching 877

– caustic soda charge 1128

– CEHDED 313

– chelation 1126

– chemical 868–880

– chlorine dioxide see chlorine dioxide

bleaching

– chlorite formation 738

– cobalt (II) salts 709

– consistency 1128

– delignification selectivity 809

– diarylmethane 747

– diffusion control 800

– dithionite 1124–1126

– ECF see ECF bleaching

– effluent volume 892

– electrochemical delignification 887

– elemental chlorine-free 1000

– final stage 756, 1038

– generic stage set-up 616–617

– hardwoods 1126

– high consistency ozone 617, 806, 827

– high-shear mixers 620

– hydrogen peroxide see hydrogen peroxide

bleaching

– hydroxyl radical 777

– iron (III) salts 709

– Keggin-type metal clusters 887

– laccase mediator-system 886

– lignin-conserving 1126

– lignin-degrading fungi 886

– low-consistency ozone 806–807, 809

– magnesium hydroxide 1130

– mechanical pulp 1123–1136

– medium consistency (MC) 616

– metal clusters 887

– modified 761–771

– offgas 867

– operations 613–628

– operations and equipment 613–628

– OXE 271, 612–613, 847

– oxidative bleaching 1041

– oxygen delignification 628–734

– oxygen-alkali 633

– ozone see ozone bleaching

– peroxide 1132, 1134

– phenolic hydroxyl groups 848

– Picea 1126

– Pinus 1126

– polyoses 1123

– polyoxometalates 887

– Populus 1126

– pressurized peroxide 866–867

– pressurized reactors 625–627

– pulp 609–894

– P-Y 1132

– QPQP bleaching 267–271

– reactors 866–867

– reductive 1134

– retention time 802

– sodium borohydride 1125

– sodium peroxide 849

– sodium silicate stabilization 1129

– softwoods 882, 1126

– specific volume 1131

– static ozone bleaching 800

– TCF see TCF bleaching

– two-stage processes 878

– vanillin 747

– washing 628, 866–867

– white rot fungi 886

– yield 863–865, 878

– Y-P bleaching 1131

– see also pulp bleaching

bleaching chemicals

– classification 610–613

– most important 264

– oxygen-based 777

– reactivity 611

bleaching equipment, agitators 627–628,

1134

– blowtank 627

– medium consistency mixers 619–623

– medium consistency pumps 617–619

– medium consistency reactors 623–627

bleaching methods, alternative 885–887

bleaching plant, two-stage 1136

bleaching reactions 1227

– selectivity 838

bleaching sequence, CCE 948–949

Index 1297

bleaching stages

– operation 890–893

– ozone placement 843–849

BLG see black liquor gasification

blowtank

– bleaching equipment 627

– medium-consistency ozone delignification

system 826

– pressurized peroxide bleaching system

867

BLPS see black liquor dissolved

polysaccharides

Blue gum, chemical composition of wood 23

board, recovered, european list of standard

grades 1203–1210

board production, fiber material

consumption 1153

BOD see biochemical oxygen demand, see also

biological oxygen demand

boiler bank, kraft recovery boiler 981

boiling point

– hydrogen peroxide 851

– rise 970–971

bongossi, stem section 58

boom-type stacker reclaimer, chip storage

103

bordered pits 47

– cell components 46

– softwood fibers 123

borol charge 823

Bouchard, concept 798

bound water 1268

BPR see boiling point rise

Bragg’s law 1223

brightening, chlorine dioxide bleaching 757

brightening stages, pulp bleaching 613

brightness 1033

– as function of residual effective alkali 272

– commercial paper-grade pulp 1013

– dependence on delignification 870

– dissolving pulp characterization 1062

– effect of adding chlorine dioxide 763

– effect of dissolved organic material 817

– efficiency of chlorine dioxide 769

– in ITC-type and ASAM pulp 273

– ISO Standard method 610

– ITC-type pulp 273

– post-treatment with peracetic acid 883

– pulp bleaching 1127–1130

– QPQP bleaching 271

– second chlorine dioxide stage 758

– spruce sulfite pulp 879

– stability 876

– stabilization with hydrogen peroxide

873–876

– TCF-bleached dissolving pulp 1049

brightness decrease, carry-over effect 816

brightness development 876

– chlorine amount 766

– hydrogen peroxide application 871

– in QPQP bleaching as function of

consumed OXE 271

brightness gain 758

– in relation to consumed OXE 273

– selectivity comparison 838

brightness increase 879

– hydrogen peroxide application 867

– peroxide amounts 1127

– spruce sulfite pulp 879

brightness level, pulp 1123

brightness losses, aging 876

brightness measurement, ISO Standard

method 610

brightness reversion 875

bromination, lignin 316

brownish cooks 406

brownstock washing 1004

BS see bisulfite processes

BS-AS see bisulfite-acid sulfite process

BS-NS see bisulfite-neutral sulfite process

bucket elevator, log handling 98

bulk phase, kraft pulping reactions overview

184

bulk water 1052

bull screen 1115

bump rotor, cross section 564

buoyancy force, on settling particle 581

Bureau International de la Recuperation

1157

Burgess, Hugh 5

t-butyl alcohol, ozone decomposition,