Index 1341

side relief, acid sulfite pulping process

chemistry 429

silo reclaimer, chip storage 102

silo storage, chips 101

silo-stored hardwood chips, Acer saccharum

99

silver birch, chemical composition of wood

23

silver maple, average moisture content 125

simple pit, softwood fibers 123

single-disc refiner 1105

single electron transfer

– degradation mechanism 320

– hydrogen peroxide reactions 852

single elements, determination 1221–1224

single fibers

– cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

– defibration 1083

– flexibility 1276

– properties 1275–1278

– stress-strain curves 1012

– suspended 1272

single log layer chipping 82

single O2–excited state 645–646

single-phase model, crystallinity 1258

single pulp fibers, stress-strain

characteristics 1277

single-stage oxygen deligniflcation system,

process flowsheet 732

single-vessel continuous cooking system,

outline 377

single-vessel hydraulic digester

– downflow 390

– EMCC®/ITC 386

– Lo-Solids™ process 388

– MCC 383

single wet fibers, parameters 1275

sisal, cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

Sitka spruce, average moisture content 125

b-sitosterol 37

Sivola processes 468–471

– aspen cooks 468

size-exclusion chromatography 1252, 1254

– water prehydrolyzate from beechwood 340

slaked lime 986

slaker 989

slaking 987–988

slash pine, sorbed sodium–pH relation 520

slewing screw reclaimer, chip storage 103

sludge 1004

– wastewater treatment 1007

smelt 982, 986

– calculation 983

– kraft recovery boiler 985

– sodium carbonate 987

smelt dissolving 988

– weak wash 990

SO2 see sulfur dioxide

soap skimming 967

– displacement cooking process step 371

soda-AQ 178, 194–195, 201–202, 211, 321,

345

– effects on Eucalyptus grandis pulping 325

– see also AQ

soda boiler 962

soda pulping process, discovery 6

sodium

– comparative evaluation of diffusion

coefficients 149–150

– distribution between fiber wall and external

solution 419

– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models

207

– sorption as function of pH 520

sodium-based two-stage sulfite pulping, pHdependency

of delignification, pulp yield

and acetyl content 473–474

sodium borohydride

– cellulose protecting additive 819

– decomposition by hydrogen gas 1236

– post-treatment 822–824

– pulp bleaching 1125

sodium carbonate 987

– conversion 986

sodium chlorate, reduction 741

sodium dithionite, commercial grades 1125

sodium hydroxide 987

– concentration 703

sodium peroxide, industrial bleaching 849

sodium silicate stabilization, pulp bleaching

1129

softening, fibers 1080–1083

softwood fibers

– cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

– heterogeneity 123

softwood kraft pulp

– comparison of different cooking

conditions 234

– oxygen delignification 713, 723

– selectivity 838

– TCF bleaching with peracetic acid 882

1342 Index

softwood kraft pulping, interdependence of

temperature, cooking time and effective

alkali 251

softwood PHK, representative dissolving

pulp 1036

softwood sawmills, profiling line 88

softwood structure 50–54

softwood-sulfite dissolving pulp 1036

– R18 content 955

softwood xylan, structural changes 252–256

softwoods

– accessory compounds 35–37

– annual ring 51

– axial parenchyma 51

– bleaching 882, 1126

– bordered pits 123

– cellulose 22

– chemical composition of wood 23

– chip pile dimensions 99

– chipper canter 88

– defibration conditions 1102

– diterpenes 35

– fats and fatty acids 36

– flavonoids 37

– hemicellulose 22

– lignans 37

– lignin 22

– lignins 33

– macromolecular substances 22

– monoterpenes 35

– oleoresin 35

– penetrability 135

– phenolic compounds 37

– pits 46, 123

– pulp 1010

– pulp bleaching 1126

– rays 51

– resin acids 35–36

– resin canals 52

– resin ducts 51

– resin-rich 465

– sesquiterpenic tropolone derivates 35

– stilbene 37

– tall oil 36

– tracheids 51

– tropolone derivates 35

– waxes 36

– xylan 29, 252–256

soil-contaminated, waste generation 105

solid-phase NMR spectroscopy 1261–1262

solid-solid separation, liquid environment

562

solid-state NMR spectroscopy 168

solid waste 1006

– municipal 1181–1182

solids concentration, thick liquor 974

solubility

– alkali 1229

– ozone 780–781

– pulp constituents 937

solubility of oxygen, equilibrium conditions

692

solubilization, ozone 802

soluble fraction, alkali solubility tests 1060

solution viscosity 1248–1251

Solvay process, chlorine dioxide generation

742

solvent retention 1268

solvents, cellulose 1240–1241

sootblowing steam, kraft recovery boiler 985

sorbed manganese, as function of pH 523

sorbed sodium, as function of pH 520

sorption, pulp washing theory 519–523

sorted recovered paper, handling 1189

sorting, recovered paper 1187–1190

southem pine, effect of polysulfide 312

southern mixed hartwood, pulp yield as

function of kappa number 230

southern pine, pulp yield as function of kappa

number 230

southern red oak, average moisture content

125

specialty papers, utilization rate 1169

specific consumption, active kraft cooking

chemicals 221

specific drainage resistance 515

specific light absorption coefficient

– residual softwood lignin 266

– unbleached pine 269

specific surface

– as function of fiber concentration 514

– dry fibers 1267

specific volume, pulp bleaching 1131

specific yield loss 949

spectroscopy

– cellular UV 44

– energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 40

– Fourier transmission infra-red 159

– NMR 31, 168, 173–174, 254

– Raman 117, 178

– solid-phase NMR spectroscopy 1261–1262

– time-of-flight secondary ion mass

spectroscopy 60

– X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 60

spent sulfite liquor 448, 962

spermatophytes, lignin 30