1334 Index

– analytical characterization 1211–1280

– AS 478

– ASAM 273

– beech see beech

– beech sulfite dissolving see beech sulfite

dissolving

– birch see birch

– bleachability 273, 296–297

– brightening 853

– brightness see brightness

– carbohydrate composition 255

– carbohydrates 937

– cellulose see cellulose

– chain scissions 260, 1058

– characteristics 1138

– chemical see chemical pulp(ing)

– chemimechanical 1098–1102

– chemithermomechanical 1099–1102

– cleaning 561–606

– comparative fractional composition 1139

– consumers 1024

– cooking 231–233, 395–403, 459–465

– copper number 952, 1014, 1062

– cotton linters 1022, 1036

– delignification see delignification

– discharge, continuous cooking process

step 379

– dissolving see dissolving pulp

– effective alkali content 229, 239, 358

– extractives see extractives

– fibrillar morphology 1047

– fractionation 561–606

– hardwood see hardwood(s)

– hemicellulose 240, 361

– impregnation 403–405, 428

– intrinsic viscosity see intrinsic viscosity

– ITC-type pulp 273, 695

– kappa number see kappa number

– kraft see kraft pulp(ing)

– latency 1137–1143

– lignin see lignin

– low-viscosity 464, 957

– mannan 361, 1061

– mannose 440, 1013

– manufacture 973

– mechanical see mechanical pulp

– mechanical properties 1275–1280

– molecular weight distribution 1019,

1034–1035

– organic chlorine content 764

– origin 1024

– oxygen delignification see oxygen

delignification

– paper-grade 728, 1010–1021

– papermaking properties 1281–1290

– PHK see PHK process

– pine see pine

– prehydrolysis see PHK process

– properties 769, 1009–1068

– purification 933–966

– purity 1043–1044

– quality 223, 733–734, 843, 953–963

– raw material 21–63, 1075–1078

– RDH 255

– reflectance and absorption coefficient

spectra 611

– screening 561–606, 1113–1122

– softwoods see softwood(s)

– spruce see spruce

– sulfite see sulfite pulp

– tensile index 808, 1140

– thermomechanical see thermomechanical

pulp

– unbleached see unbleached pulp

– viscosity see viscosity

– water retention value 1014, 1062

– wood dissolving 1035, 1044

– xylan see xylan

– yield see pulp yield

– zero-span tensile index 808, 1014, 1020

pulp acidification 811

pulp bleaching 609–894, 1123–1136

– chemical 868–880

– dithionite 1124

– ECF see ECF bleaching

– general principles 609–610

– hydrogen peroxide 1123, 1126–1133

– magnesium hydroxide 1130

– oxygen delignification 628–734

– ozone generation 782

– peracetic acid 880

– TCF see TCF bleaching

– technology 1134–1136

– see also bleaching, chlorine dioxide

bleaching, ozone bleaching

pulp components 708

– reactions 935–941

– yields 110

pulp composition

– beech and spruce sulfite cooks 448

– beech magnesium acid sulfite cook 439

pulp consistency 708

– ECCSA 801

– effect 806–810

– in relation to power dissipation 615

Index 1335

pulp fibers

– cell wall 1052

– centrifugal cleaning operating parameters

587

– fractionation 1051

– morphological features 1270

– schematic crosssection 799

– screening operating parameters 578

– stress-strain characteristics 1277

– see also fibers

pulp-liquor systems, basic rheology 614–615

“pulp mat” 512

pulp mill effluents, environmental effect 735

pulp mill wood yard, schematic material

flow 70

pulp production

– environmental aspects 997–1008

– raw material 21–63

– worldwide development 1071

pulp resins 1030

pulp sheet properties, mechanical 1279

pulp specification 1060–1062

pulp stone 1079, 1092–1095

– grinding process parameters 1084

– immersion 1085

– softening 1080

– structure 1093

pulp strength 1016

– as function of intrinsic viscosity for kraft

softwood pulp 236

– modified kraft cooking 256–257

– strength 293–295, 297

pulp washer

– diffusion 552–555

– flows and concentrations 538–539

– mass balance 530–531

– streams 529

pulp washing 511–558

– compressive dewatering 525–526

– countercurrent washing 527

– dilution factor 529–532, 545–546

– dilution/extraction 524

– discharge consistency 532–533

– displacement ratio 538–539, 543

– displacement washing 524–525

– Donnan theory 521

– efficiency 531, 537–546

– fractional 528

– in-digester 557–558

– mixing stages 539

– most important equation 543

– multi-stage 526–527

– parameters 528–536

– pH 533–534

– principles 523–528

– simplified illustration 512

– theory 512–523

pulp washing equipment 547–558

– atmospheric diffuser 552–554

– belt washers 551–552

– conventional drum washers 549–550

– drum displacer (DD) 549–550

– pressure diffuser 554–555

– roll presses 556–557

pulp yield 953–962

– as function of H-factor 440

– as function of kappa number 230, 233,

249, 321

– as function of pH 474

– as function of residual [OH–]

concentration 240

– as function of standard batch cooking

process parameters 229–234

– temperature effect 865

– unbleached 469

pulping 25

– alternative sulfite pulping concepts

465–482

– anthraquinone 314–325

– chemical 109–508

– definition 109

– effluents 998, 1138

– future developments 16–17

– historical development 998–1002

– kraft see kraft pulping

– market situation 8–15

– MCC® 256, 296–297

– mechanical see mechanical pulping

– Mitscherlich process 392

– multistage kraft pulping 325–365

– neutral sulfite pulping 393, 412–414

– polysulfide see also PS/AQ, 306–316

– reject handling 1113–1122

– Ritter–Kellner process 392

– selectivity 197–198

– semi-mechanical 1111

– sulfite see sulfite pulping

– sulfite chemical see sulfite chemical

pulping

– sulfonation 412

– technology, end-uses, and the market

situation 8–15

pulping liquor, recovery 1004

pulsed amperometric detection 939