In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351

– prehydrolysis kraft pulp 260

– xylan hydrolysis activation energy 343

Eucalyptus urograndis

– chemical composition 360

– RDH kraft pulping 279

– wood component mass balance in

Visbatch® cook 349–350

Eucalyptus urophylla, Lo-Solids™ laboratory

cooks 304–305

European Declaration on paper recovery

1194

European list of standard grades of recovered

paper and board 1203–1210

evacuation, digester 129

evaporation

– black liquor 974–980

– multiple-effect 977–979

– vapor recompression 980

evaporators 975

– concentration level 976

– falling film 976

– performance 976

EWNN

– cellulose molecular weight determination

1240

– see also iron sodium tartrate

excess heat capacity, black liquor 973

excess lye 946

exchange reaction, carboxyl functions 1238

Executive Order, US legislation 1196

extended modified cooking concept see

EMCC®

external water layer, thickness 800

extinction, in relation to viscosity 433

extraction residue, alkali solubility tests 1060

1310 Index

extraction washing see dilution/extraction

washing

extractives 1030–1033

– commercial paper-grade pulp 1013

– commercial pulp 1015

– DCM see DCM

– dissolving pulp characterization 1061

– fractions obtained after kraft cooking 182

– hardwoods 38

– hot caustic 961–962

– kraft pulping reactions 181–183

– percentage 35

– pulp 1224–1225

– pulping yields 110

– purification dependence 960–961

– sulfite cooking chemistry 425–427

– topochemical distribution 61–63

– woods 33–39

f

F-value, refiner process 1104

fvoid see void volume fraction

Fagus sylvatica 33, 39

– chemical composition 360, 451

– chemical composition of wood 23

– composition 330

– density and void volume 128

– diffuse-porous hardwoods 50

– earlywood transition 49

– facultative heartwood formation 57

– fibers 45

– inorganic composition 40

– kinetic parameters for prehydrolysis

332–333

– nonglucosic hemicelluloses units 29

– tissue 63

– tyloses 48

– woodyard storage 70

falling film evaporator 975

“false” lignin 257

false viscosity 1028

fats

– fats and waxes 34

– softwoods 36

fatty acid esters, hydrolyzation in acid sulfite

cook 427

fatty acids

– black liquor 967

– kraft cooking extractives 182–183

– softwoods 36

Fe2+ ion concentration 815

feed consistency 529

– centrifugal cleaning operating parameters

587

– in relation to relative pressure washer

capacity 533

– pulp washing parameter 532–533

– screening operating parameters 577

feeding hydraulics, chain grinder 1092

feedwater, kraft recovery boiler 985

Fenton-type reactions 854

– hydrogen peroxide 710

– superoxide-driven 669

fiber analyzers, pulp 1274

fiber bundle, kraft cooked 60

fiber concentration

– in relation to permeability, porosity and

specific surface 514

– in relation to specific drainage resistance

515

fiber content, minimum recycled 1196

fiber–fiber bonding 473

fiber fractionation 591–592

– screening 1274

– tensile index 1139

fiber length 1273

– concept of Bouchard 799

– fractionation 1051

– in relation to fiber passage ratio 571, 578

– spruce pulp 1020

fiber loss

– grinding 1083

– relation to contaminant removal efficiency

598–599

fiber passage

– screening theory 566–570

– selective 570–572

fiber passage ratio 566

– as function of aperture velocity 576

– as function of fiber length 571, 578

– as function of hole size 578

– as function of screening zone length 569

fiber removal

– efficiency 590–591

– from black liquor 371, 380

fiber saturation point 126, 1053

fiber slurry, pulp 1281

fiber strength 1019

– pulp viscosity 842

fiber swelling, limitation 934

fiber tenacity, hemicellulose concentration

1027

fiber wall

– hemicelluloses distribution 1048–1051