1314 Index

h

H-factor

– acid sulfite cooking 427

– acid sulfite pulping 431–432

– as function of HSO3

– 460

– as function of kappa number effected by

AQ 322

– as function of residual EA concentration

238

– beech magnesium acid sulfite cook 440

– correlation with b-aryl ether structures

content 266

– in relation to b- and c-cellulose 443

– in relation to kappa number 258, 287, 356

– in relation to oxygen delignification

efficiency 259

– in relation to pentosan and viscosity 464

– in relation to residual xylan 444

– in relation to SO2 amount 435–436

– in relation to viscosity for different wood

species 452

– in relation to wood component yield 438

– in unbleached Visbatch® pulp 357

– influence on kappa number–P-factor

relation 359

– influence on pulp yield in standard batch

cooking process 231–233

H-factor concept

– kraft cooking kinetics model predictions

224

– kraft cooking kinetics models 189–191

Hagen–Poiseuille’s law, laminar flow

132–133

half-bordered pits 47

halogen, adsorbable organic see AOX

halogenated residual 1001

handling

– recovered paper 1187–1190

– sorted recovered paper 1189

handling systems, wood yard operations

95–106

hardwood chips, silo-stored 99

hardwood fibers

– cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

– heterogeneity 123–124

hardwood kraft pulp, oxygen delignification

723

hardwood PHK, representative dissolving

pulp 1036

hardwood prehydrolysis

– apparent rate constants 334

– kinetic model 329–343

hardwood structure 50–54

hardwood sulfite dissolving pulp 1036

– degree of polymerization 952

– molar mass distribution 951

– pretreated 1038

– R18 content 955

– selectivity 838

hardwood sulfite pulp

– purification 943

– reflectance and absorption coefficient

spectra 611

hardwoods

– accessory compounds 37–39

– apparent prehydrolysis rate constants 334

– axial parenchymal cells 54

– bleaching 1126

– cellulose 22

– chemical composition of wood 23

– defibration conditions 1102

– diffuse-porous hardwoods 50, 53

– extractives 38

– flavonoids 38

– hemicellulose 22

– homocellular rays 54

– isoflavones 38

– kinetic prehydrolysis model 329–343

– lignans 38

– lignin 22

– lignins 33

– macromolecular substances 22

– parenchymal cells 54

– penetrability 135

– phenolic compounds 38

– pits 46

– pulp 1010

– pulp bleaching 1126

– rays 54

– resin-rich 465

– ring porous hardwoods 53

– sapwood conversion to 59

– semi-ring-porous hardwoods 53

– steroids 37

– tannins 38

– triglycerides 38

– vessels 53

– xylan chains 29

HBL see hot black liquor

HC cleaner, Metso 606

HC technology 721

HCE see hot caustic extraction

HD see hot displacement

heartwood, Pinus monophylla 36

heartwood formation 57

Index 1315

heat capacity, black liquor 972–973

heat exchange, kraft recovery boiler 981

heat management

– continuous cooking process step 380

– displacement cooking process step 371

heat recovery 1121–1122

– Andritz Lo-Level 391

– conventional 391

– flow sheet 1122

heat transfer rate, evaporator 976

heating and cooking, displacement cooking

process step 370

heating-up, acid sulfite pulping process

chemistry 430

heating values, black liquor solids 969

heavy metals, ozone decomposition, initiator

789

hemicellulose 28, 835, 1026–1030

– Abies balsamea 29

– Acer rubrum 29

– acid degradation reactions 327–329

– acid hydrolysis 418

– acid-catalyzed hydrolysis 341

– amount 936

– anhydro-sugars 28

– Betula verrucosa 29

– Carboxyl groups 1037

– CBC process 286

– cell wall components 41

– cellulose/hemicellulose ratio 1016

– concentration 1026

– content as function of P-factor in

unbleached Visbatch® pulp 361

– content in lye 947

– content in pulp from modified kraft

cooking 240

– content in softwoods and hardwoods 22

– controlled removal 719

– degradation 175, 251

– delignification 251

– deoxy-hexoses 28

– discoloration 1027

– distribution 1048–1051

– DP 28

– enrichment 1050

– Fagus sylvatica 29

– fiber tenacity 1027

– fiber wall 1048–1051

– Fraxinus excelsior 29

– Gustavson and Al-Dajani kinetic

degradation model 252

– hardwoods 22

– hexoses 28

– hydrolysis 325–326

– in relation to screened yield 362

– in relation to viscosity-to-kappa number

ratio 364

– Larix decidua 29

– pentoses 28

– P-factor 361

– Picea abies 29

– Picea mariana 29

– Pinus strobus 29

– Pinus sylvestris 29

– Populus tremuloides 29

– prehydrolysis 325–326

– presence 945–947, 947

– pulp 240, 361

– removal 952, 957

– short-chain hemicelluloses removal 952

– softwoods 22

– Tsuga canadensis 29

– Ulmus americana 29

hemp fibers, cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

heterogeneity

– hardwood fibers 123–124

– softwood fibers 123

– wood structure 123–129

heterogeneous gas phase, ozone bleaching

808

heterolytic fragmentation 749

– chlorine bleaching 746

heterolytic ozonolysis 792

heteropolysaccharides 28

HexA 187, 240, 251–254, 257–259, 267–270,

278–279, 302, 774, 830, 1016

– commercial paper-grade pulp 1014

– degradation rate in Gustavson–Al-Dajani

kinetic model 253

– efficiency of chlorine dioxide 768

– formation 180

– hydrolysis 874, 884

– in conventional and RDH pulp 278–279

– influence on kappa number 180

– model 884

– presence 839

– reactions under acidic conditions 421

hexenuronic acid see HexA

hexoses

– degradation 420

– hemicelluloses 28

– spent liquor content as function of