Xylose 463

– in relation to pentosan and screened yield

463

– influence on CBC process 289–290

– influence on pulp yield in standard batch

cooking process 231–233

copper number

– commercial paper-grade pulp 1014

– dissolving pulp characterization 1062

– functional groups determination 1235

– unpurified pulp 952

copper number method 441

corn straw fibers, cell dimensions and

chemical composition 4

corona discharge, ozone generation 783

cotton linters

– acetylation 1046

– cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

– dissolving grade pulp 1022

– low polydispersity 1044

– molar mass distribution 1049

– molecular weight distribution 1035

– representative dissolving pulp 1036

– water-accessible pore volume 1053

cottonwood, average moisture content 125

countercurrent cascade, pulp washing mixing

stages 539

creosol

– chlorine bleaching 746

– ozone reactions 792

– reactions with chlorine dioxide 747

creosol methyl ether, reactions with chlorine

dioxide 748

critical state, chromatography 1254

Cross, Charles F. 7

crude tall oil, kraft pulping 112

crude turpentine, kraft pulping 112

crystalline cellulose 26

crystalline lattice, packing 27

crystalline material

– H-NMR solid-phase spectrum 1261

– X-ray diffractogram 1260

crystallinity 1042, 1257–1265

– degree of 1041, 1258

crystallinity index 1262

– determination 1258–1259

crystallites, dimension 1263–1265

Crystolon, pulp stone 1093

CS chip screen 90

CSF see Canadian Standard Freeness

CTMP see chemithermo mechanical pulp

CTMP refining 1110

CTO see crude tall oil

CUENE 1241

– cellulose molecular weight determination

1240

CUOXAM 1241

– cellulose molecular weight determination

1240

cupram 1025

cuprammonium, dissolving pulp

applications 1025

Cupressus, sesquiterpenic tropolone derivates

35

1304 Index

cupri-ethylene-diamine(-solution) see CUENE

cutting geometry, disc chipper 81

cyanohydrin method, functional groups

determination 1237

1,3-cycloaddition, lignin degradation 790

cyclone parameters, centrifugal cleaning

586–587

cylindrical coordinates, Fick’s second law of

diffusion in 152

cylindrical refiners 1105–1106

cymene, conversion of a-pinene during sulfite

pulping 426

d

D*-stage 764

DAE see differential algebraic equations

Dahl, Carl 5

Dakin-like reaction 858

Darcy’s law 132, 147, 513

DCM, extractive 234, 330, 342, 360, 365,

450–451, 961, 1013, 1030, 1061

deacetylation, glucomannan in superbatch

process 280

debarker, Nicholson A2 78

debarking 71–80

– methods 72–80

debarking resistance, seasonal development

1077

debarking state, wood quality 1075

debris passage ratio, in relation to screening

efficiency 590

Debye–Hьckel–Onsager equation 142

decayed wood, waste generation 105

deciduous woods, structure 50

decomposition

– chlorine dioxide 737

– homolytic 651

– hydrogen peroxide 854–856

– metal ion-catalyzed 791

decreasing-permeability model 517

defiberization, lignin compounds 1123

defibration

– conditions 1102

– single fibers 1083

deflocculation, fibers 562

degradation

– carbohydrates 794–798, 859

– cellulose 1056–1059

– cellulose/hemicellulose under alkaline

conditions 175

– end products 956

– lignin 790–794

– pathways for glucosone and xylosone endgroups

659

– pentoses and hexoses 420

– products 446

– wood components 437–449

degradation acids, relative frequencies

(oxidative degradation) 637

dehydration, carbohydrates 419–421

deinking 1165, 1174–1175

deliberation 1113

– single fibers 1083

delignification 16–17, 61, 79, 110–112,

158–162, 705–706, 828–829

– activation energy literature data 201–202

– alkali charge 700

– alternative bleaching methods 887

– as function of pH 473

– beechwood acid sulfite cooking 437

– behaviour 834

– bleaching 809, 887

– blowtank 826

– brightness dependence 870

– carbohydrate reactions 657

– chain scissions number 260

– chlorine dioxide 752, 755

– degree of 697, 717

– dioxygen-alkali delignification processes

657–666

– DualoxTM system 730

– effect of carry-over 717

– effect of impregnation on delgnification

uniformity 158–162

– effect of increasing chlorine dioxide 762

– electrochemical 887

– Eucalyptus saligna prehydrolysis kraft pulp

with oxygen delignification 260

– extent 1228–1229

– final pH 705

– hemicellulose degradation in initial phase

251

– H-factor 259

– high-shear mixers 826

– industrial 688, 695

– kappa number 258, 678, 684

– kinetics 211–215, 671–685

– kraft cooking 184, 189, 211

– lignin solubilization 714

– low-consistency ozone bleaching 809

– mass transfer rate 697

– medium-consistency ozone delignification

system 826

– NaOH-charge 730

– offgas 826