V. Выберите форму единственного или множественного числа глагола to be. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. It’s a great place to live. There’s/ There are lots of nice shops and cafés round there.

2. It's a bit boring sometimes. There’s/ There is not much to do round there.

3. It’s quite a dangerous area. There’s/ There are quite a lot of crimes round there.

4. I moved to the city because there’s/ there are quite high unemployment in my home town.

5. I moved to the city because there's/ there are more jobs available here.

6. It’s a great place to live. There’s / There are really good transport systems, so it’s very easy to get around.

7. It’s quite a nice city, but there’s/ there are too many people living there. It's really crowded.

VI. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в соответствующей видовременной форме (Past Indefinite или Present Perfect). Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. He (forget) his French since he (leave) Paris.

2. Some years ago he (be) very poor, and (not know) how to live. He (become) very rich now.

3. I can get to my work easily now, as I (buy) a new car.

4. He is a man who (live) a remarkable life.

5. What you (do) last night?

6. I (get) a fax from Boston an hour ago, but I (not answer) it yet.

7. She (learn) to play chess when she (be) 16, but she (not play) much since then.

VII. Переведите предложения, выделяя оборот “дополнение с инфинитивом”

1. We proved this suggestion to be wrong.

2. There were some reasons to believe it to be the case.

3. Jordan supposed the statement not to be obvious and believed it to require a proof.

4. The rule requires all arguments to be available before execution can take place.

5. We made this process run at reduced pressure.

6. We could not get this paper to bleach.

7. High temperatures allowed green wood to be dried out in two hours.

VIII. A. Прочитайте и переведите заголовок текста. Ответьте на вопрос

What are the fundamental organisms that can degrade wood?

B. Прочитайте текст

BIODETERIORATION OF WOOD

Under proper conditions, wood will give centuries of service. However, if conditions exist that permit the development of wood-degrading organisms, protection must be provided during processing, merchandising and use.

The principal organisms that can degrade wood are fungi, insects, bacteria, and marine borers. Molds, most sapwood stains, and decay are caused by fungi, which are microscopic, thread-like microorganisms that must have organic material to live. For some of them, wood offers the required food supply. The growth of fungi depends on suitably mild temperatures, moisture, and air (oxygen). Chemical stains, although they are not caused by organisms, are mentioned in this article because they resemble stains caused by fungi.

Insects also may damage wood, and in many situations must be considered in protective measures. Termites are the major insect enemy of wood, but on a national scale, they are a less serious threat than fungi.

Bacteria in wood ordinarily are of little consequence, but some may make the wood excessively absorptive. In addition, some may cause strength losses over long periods of exposure, particularly in forest soils.

Marine borers are a fourth general type of wood-degrading organism. They can attack susceptible wood rapidly in salt water harbors where they are the principal cause of damage to piles and other wood marine structures.

Wood degradation by organisms has been studied extensively, and many preventive measures are well known and widely practiced. By taking ordinary precautions with the finished product, the user can contribute substantially to ensuring a long service life.

C. Проверьте, как вы поняли текст, сопоставив правую и левую колонки таблицы

1. The growth of fungi depends on	a) are the major insect enemy of wood.
2. Termites	b) make the wood excessively absorptive.
3. Marine borers	c) are similar to stains caused by fungi.
4. Bacteria	d) suitable temperatures, moisture, and air composition.
5. Chemical stains	e) attack susceptible wood rapidly in salt water.

D. Выберите предложения, смысл которых противоречит содержанию текста

1. When left untreated wood becomes subject to degradation by a variety of natural causes.

2. Foreign organisms such as fungi, insects, bacteria, and marine borers can degrade wood.

3. Termites are the more serious threat than fungi.

4. Bacteria have little effect on wood properties, except over long periods.

5. Wood degradation by organisms hasn’t been studied and preventive measures are of no use.