IV. Приложения

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

TEST YOURSELF

I. Соотнесите термины с соответствующими определениями

I.Hardwood 1. Balsa 2. Basswood 3. Birch 4. Elm 5. Oak 6. Walnut

a) is a light-colored, fine-grained wood. b) is typically dark, hard, tight-grained wood prized for fine furniture and wood paneling. c) is technically a hardwood, but is actually softer than most softwoods and very easily shaped. Its most familiar use is in model airplanes. d) its species are typically dense, hard and show distinctive pores and medullary rays. e) is notorious for its twisting, intertwined grain. g) also known as lime or linden, is a relatively soft, close-grained wood, easily carved.

II.Softwood 1. Cedar 2. Fir 3. Pine 4. Spruce

a) is a fast-growing wood grown commercially for use in construction and paper pulp industries. b) is used for the soundboards of musical instruments as well as in aviation construction. c) is soft and white. e) is fairly hard and aromatic.

II. Выберите подходящее слово

1. Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner _______, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots.

a) pith b) bark

c) trunk d) hollow

2. The part of a growth ring nearest the centre of the tree formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid is usually lighter in colour than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as _______.

a) redwood b) lightwood

c) summerwood d) springwood

3. A person who begins woodcarving is challenged to learn to work with the _______.

a) bole and bark b) branches and twigs

c) fibre and grain d) leaves and buds

4. Hardness and fragility vary with the _______of wood.

a) growth b) species

c) cells d) layers

5. A _______ is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually for the worse, but may be exploited for artistic effect.

a) root b) crown

c) knot d) stem

6. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to _______; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces.

a) side branches b) growth rings

c) cambium layer d) cross-section

7. _______ is wood that has become more resistant to decay as a result of deposition of chemical substances and may (or may not) be much darker than living wood.

a) sapwood b) earlywood

c) heartwood d) latewood

8. _______ is the younger, outermost wood; in the growing tree it is living wood, and its principal functions are to conduct water from the roots to the leaves and to store up and give back according to the season the reserves prepared in the leaves.

a) heartwood b) sapwood

c) softwood d) hardwood

9. In coniferous or _______ species the wood cells are mostly of one kind, tracheids, and as a result the material is much more uniform in structure.

a) sapwood b) heartwood

c) hardwood d) softwood

10. In discussing _______ it is customary to divide them into two large classes, ring-porous and diffuse-porous.

a) softwoods b) springwoods

c) summerwoods d) hardwoods

11. Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as _______ in North America; elsewhere, it usually refers to felled trees.

a) lumber b) timber

c) fuelwood d) engineered wood

12. Next generation wood products include new _______ glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites.

a) wooden b) lignin

c) sawdust d) scrap

13. The most valuable _______, such as the ripple sycamore used for the backs of violins, combine acoustic properties with decorative colour and grain which enhance the appearance of the finished instrument.

a) redwoods b) blackwoods

c) greenwoods d) tonewoods

14. A _______ is a table used by woodworkers to hold workpieces while they are worked by other tools.

a) handsaw b) workbench

c) craftsbench d) lathe

15. ________ is a form of woodworking that is used to create wooden objects on a lathe and differs from most other forms of woodworking in that the wood is moving while a stationary tool is used to cut and shape it.

a) woodcarving b) woodturning

c) woodburning d) woodcutting