Задание № 2. Изучить материал о сокращениях в деловой сфере. Abbreviations

Abbreviations can be useful because they are quick to write and easy to read. But both parties need to know what the abbreviations stand for.

          The abbreviations c.i.f. and f.o.b., for example, are recognized internationally as meaning cost, insurance, and freight and free on board. But can you be sure that your correspondent would know that o.n.o means or nearest offer?

          Some international organizations, e.g. NATO, are know in all countries by the same set of initials, but many are not, e.g. EEC (European Economic Community) and UNO (United Nations Organization). National organizations, e.g. CBI (Confederation of British Industry) and TUC (Trades Union Congress), are even less likely to be known by their initials in other countries. So, if you are not absolutely certain that an abbreviation will be easily recognized, do not use it.

          The International Chamber of Commerce uses a set of terms for delivery in overseas contracts - these are called Incoterms.

          Now let me examine some of the abbreviations most frequently used in business correspondence.

c.i.f. - cost, insurance, freight.

If consignment  is  to  be  delivered  according to c.i.f., then the supplier insures  the  goods  and pays for the whole delivery.

f.o.b. - free on board.

If consignment  is  to  be  delivered  according to f.o.b., then  the  supplier pays for transportation to port,  steamer or air shipment and dispatch; and the customer  pays  for  onward  transportation and insurance.

f.o.r. - free on rail.

It is   the   same   as  f.o.b.,  but  for  railway transportation.

c & f - cost and freight.

If consignment  is  to  be  delivered  according to c & f, then the supplier pays for the whole delivery and the customer - for insurance.

          CPT ( Carriage Paid To) named place of destination

Delivery happens when goods are given to the carrier (if more than one, the first carrier, or a freight forwarder). The seller pays the costs of delivery to the named place and the buyer's risks start from here.

          CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid) named place of destination

Delivery occurs, as in CPT with the buyer's risks being the same. The only change is the exporter pays the cost of cargo insurance.

DAF (Delivery at Frontier) named place

Delivery happens when the buyer gets the goods at a named place on the frontier, cleared for export, but not cleared for import. The buyer assumes risks from here. The exporter pays all the costs to this point, but does not pay for unloading or import clearing charges.

DES (Delivery Ex Ship) named port of destination

Delivery happens when buyer gets goods at named port. He then assumes all risks, but the exporter pays all costs to that point, but not unloading or import clearance.

          DEQ (Delivery Ex Quay - Duty Paid) named port of destination

Delivery happens when the buyer gets the goods on his/her quay (dock) and assumes all risks from that point.

          DES and DEQ can only be used for sea and inland waterways.

          DDU (Delivery Duty Unpaid) named place of destination

Delivery takes place when the buyer gets the goods at the named place in the importing country and takes all the risks thereafter. The seller pays all costs to this point, but not duties and taxes.

          DDP (Delivery Duty Paid) named place of destination

Delivery happens as in DDU, with the buyer taking the same risks. The seller pays all costs to this point including duties and taxes.

          Ex-Works (EXW) e.g. from the factory or warehouse

Seller packs and prepares goods for dispatch with delivery taking place at his/her factory or warehouse. The buyer now takes all transit risks.

          FCA (Free Carrier) named place e.g. where the carrier - the plane or ship etc., pick up goods

Delivery occurs when the seller gives the goods to the carrier (airline, shipping company, or freight forwarder) who is named by the buyer. The seller will pay all the costs up to the point, including export formalities and licences. From this point the buyer takes the risks for the goods and transit.

FAS (Free Alongside Ship) with port of shipment named e.g. where the goods are leaving from

Delivery occurs alongside the ship named by the buyer at the named port of the shipment. The buyer has the expense of loading. The seller pays costs up to and including delivery alongside the ship, including all documentation. This term is only used for sea and inland waterways.

Here is list of abbreviations not mentioned above:

A/C, a/c acc. - account current

adsd - addressed

adse - addressee

ad - advertisement, pl- ads

a.m. - ante meridiem,  afternoon

app. - appendix

ASAP-as  soon as possible

AWB - air way bill

attn. - attention

B/E, B.E., b.e. - bill of exchange

B/L, B.L., b/l, b.l., - bill of landing

cc., cc - copies

CEO -chief executive officer

Cf. - confer, compare

Co. - company

COD -  cash on delivery

contr. - contract

corp. - corporation

cur. - 1.currency, 2. Current

CV -curriculum vitae

dd - 1.dated; 2.delivered

dep., dept., - department

doc. - document,( pl-docs)

doz., dz. - dozen

eaon - except as otherwise noted

e.g. - exempli gratia, for example

enc., encl., - enclosed, enclosure

exc., excl. - except, exception, exclude, exclusion

expn - expiration

fig. - 1.figure (1,2 ,3 ); 2.picture, scheme

FY - fiscal year

h.a. - hoc anno- this year

hf. -half

H.Q., HQ, h.q. - headquaters

id. - idem- the same

i.e., ie -id est- that is

inc., incl. - including

inc., inc - incorporated

info - information

inv. - invoice

IOU - I owe you

L/C, l.c. l/c - letter of credit

LLC - limited liability company

Ltd., ltd. - limited

LOC - letter of commitment

mdse - merchandise, goods

memo - memorandum

M.O., m.o. - 1. mail order, 2. Money order

M.T. - metric ton

MV - merchant (motor) vessel

N/A - not applicable

N.B., NB - nota bene- an important note

NC, N.C., n/c - no charge, free

o/l - our letter

PA - power of attorney

p.a.-  per annum - per year

par. - paragraph

Plc, PLC - public limited company

PO - post office

pp. - pages

pp, p.p. per pro- on behalf of

qv - quod vide- see there

R&D - research and development

rct - receipt

rept – report

re - 1 regarding, 2. Reply

ref. - reference

RSVR - rependez s'il vous plais- reply please

RMS - root-mean-square

Shipt -  shipment

Sig - signature

tn. - ton

urgt - urgent

v., vs. -versus

VAT - value-added tax

VIP - very important person

v.s. - vide supra- see above

v.v - vice versa-

w/ - with

w/o - without

& - and

@ - at (when stating a unit price)

#  -  number (AE)

Задание № 3. Изучить дополнительные сокращения в письмах и деловой корреспонденции

Abbreviations in letters and correspondence

attn

attention: used for showing that a letter is for the attention of a particular person

BYOB

bring your own bottle: used on invitations to show that you should take wine, beer, or something else to drink to a party

c/-

care of: used in an address on a letter or parcel that you are sending to someone at another person’s house

cc

used on a business letter or email for saying that a copy is being sent to the person mentioned

c/o

care of: used in an address on a letter or parcel that you are sending to someone at another person’s house

enc.

enclosed

encl.

enclosed or enclosure: used at the top or bottom of a letter to show that something else is being sent with it

fao

for the attention of: written in front of someone’s name on a document, letter, or envelope to show that it is intended for them

f.i.o.

for information only: written on a business letter or email to show that it is being sent to someone in order to give them information, and they are not expected to reply or take any action

pp

written before someone’s name when you are signing a letter for them

PPS

written before a note at the end of a letter, after the ps note

PS

postscript: used for introducing some additional information at the end of a letter after you have signed your name

PTO

please turn over: used at the bottom of a page when there is more writing on the other side

re

used in business letters for introducing the subject that you are going to write about

ref.

reference: used in a business letter when you are giving the numbers and letters that show exactly which document or piece of information you are talking about

RSVP

used on written invitations to ask the person invited to say whether they can go to a social event or not

Симферопольский колледж

Государственного высшего учебного заведения

КНЭУ им. В. Гетьмана

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