Vocabulary

various – різноманітний

elaborate – дуже складний, старанно розроблений

resilience – стійкість, здатність швидко відновлювати сили

layer – шар

straw – солома

prevent – запобігати; заважати

shallow – неглибокий

injure – ранити, пошкодити

plantain – подорожник

sorrel – щавель

boost – підвищувати, сприяти зростанню

alter - змінювати

dilution – розчинення

application – застосування

evenness – рівномірність

precaution – запобіжний захід

restrict – обмежувати

Vocabulary exercises

1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

various, elaborate, necessary, resilience, although, tiresome, hoeing, shallow-rooted, azaleas, blueberries, rhododendrons, injure, herbicides, sterilants, footpaths, especially, broad-leaved, lawn, dandelions, plantains, sorrels, immediately, alternative, encouraged, environmental, extremely, manufacturer, precautions

2. Find the stem in the following words; point out prefixes and suffixes. Translate the words into Ukrainian.

various, killer, generally, effective, mulching, layer, sterilize, growth, location, selective, controlling, broad-leaved, nonselective, immediately, desirable, agricultural, worker, pollution, cultivation, encourage, environmental, organizations, minimize, particularly, developing, extremely, closely, instruction, dangerous

3. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations from the text:

weed control, pulling-by-hand, weed killers, tiresome and time-consuming, hand weeding, hoe weeding, shallow-rooted plants, soil sterilants, all plant growth, broad-leaved lawn weeds, alternative approaches, environmental organizations, developing countries, state and local regulations

Speech exercises

1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:

1. What are the methods of weed control? Why is generally more than one method necessary?

2. When is pulling weeds by hand effective?

3. When is hoeing effective?

4. What does mulching consist of? For what plants is it necessary?

5. How many groups of chemical weed killers are there?

6. What effect do sterilants produce? Where are they mostly used?

7. What chemicals are the best for controlling broad-leaved lawn weeds?

8. What chemicals kill all kinds of weeds but do not sterelize the soil?

9. Why is it better to minimize the use of herbicides in crop farming?

10. What manufacturer’s instructions must be followed?

Greenhouse

Greenhouse is a building with glass or plastic roof and walls, used for cultivation and protection of tender plants and of plants grown out of season. Greenhouses are designed to control the balance of temperature, moisture, and light to suit the growth requirements for plants as diverse as orchids, cacti, tomatoes, and citrus trees.

Small domestic greenhouses are frequently lean-to structures built against an existing wall. They consist of a glass-paned sloping roof and three supporting glass-paned sides. Large, conventional commercial greenhouses have A-shaped roofs over two sidewalls and two end walls.

Natural sunlight, in temperate regions, usually is sufficient to meet the light requirements of plants in spring and fall, but in winter it is sometimes supplemented by artificial light to spur growth. In summer, the panes often are whitewashed to reduce light. Much of the heat during the winter is derived from the sun. Supplemental heat comes from steam, hot-water, or hot-air circulating systems. During the hotter months, heat is reduced by whitewashing the panes, opening ventilators, or blowing air through with fans.

Humidity is controlled primarily by the quantity of water used in the soils. When greater humidity is required, extra moisture is supplied by watering the floors.