Adverbials of time combined with the future dynamic

In the sources analysed the Future Dynamic is used 46.3% with an adverb or adverbial phrase of time and 4.3% with a temporal clause.

The relative frequency of adverbs and adverbial phrases of time combined with the Future Dynamic is given below (figures in brackets

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indicate % of the total number of instances of the tense combined with such modifiers):

soon (15.7); in ten minutes, etc. (9.5); tomorrow, tomorrow morning, etc. (6.7); next (6.0); next week, etc. (4.5); again (4.1); at five past ten, etc. (4.1); now (4.1); for a while, etc. (3.6); by that time, etc. (3.2); tonight, presently, all the time, right along (2.6); before teatime (etc.), often (ever so often, etc.), on Saturday (etc.), one morning (etc.), until then (etc.) (1.7, each); shortly, then, this year, some day, before long (1.4, each); always, during this coming week (etc.), every minute (etc.), from now on, any more, today (this day, etc.) (1.0); after lunch, any day (moment) now, constantly, in December (etc.), in (the) future, in the morning, later, meanwhile, never, still, this afternoon, this weekend, when ...? (0.7); all day long, at first, a few days, much longer, this May, this morning, this summer, what time ...?, yet (0.4, each).

Soon: 1." I'll be going abroad soon" (J. Braine); 2. "You'll be fighting them soon" (E. Hemingway); 3."Yes, old man, I'm on the bread line! I'll soon be hanging around the back door asking you for some stale buns!" (D. Carter).

In Ten Minutes, etc.: 1." He'll be closing the restaurant in ten min­utes" (D. Carter); 2. "Tell the front office these boys'11 be coming in about thirty minutes" (A. Maltz); 3. "Why, in a week you'll be kicking because the towels are too small" (S. Lewis).

Tomorrow, etc.: 1. " Will you be coming tomorrow, doctor" (A. Cro­nin); 2." The sun will be shining tomorrow morning" (H. Walpole); 3." I '11 be waiting for you at the morning train the day after tomorrow" (J. Lon­don).

Next: 1." Next he'll be selling us dirty postcards" (I. Shaw); 2." You'll be telling me the monkeys in India wear trousers next" (A. Cronin); 3. "What a notion! What will you be writing next?" (E. James).

Next Week, etc.: 1." Next week we'll be leaving" (M.Wilson); 2. "Any­way you'll be seeing me next weekend" (A. Kingsley); 3." Who'll be com­ing here this time next year, I wonder?" (Th. Wolfe).

Again. At Five Past Ten, etc. Now: 1." I hope I'll be seeing you again" (A. Kingsley); 2. "We won't be going there again" (J. Braine); 3. "He'll be passing here on his pony at five-past ten" (J. Galsworthy); 4. "I shall be sailing at the end of March" (E. Delafield); 5. "You'll becoming home with me now" (Th. Dreiser); 6."I'll be going now" (A. Saxton).

For a While, etc. By That Time, etc.: 1. "You won't be following even so few as one hound for a while" (E. Caldwell); 2. "We hope father won't be coming from prison for a long time" (J. Galsworthy); 3. "You mean by that time you'll be experimenting with someone else?" (J. Gals­worthy); 4. "By Christmas you'll be eating Russian bread" (A. Maltz).

Tonight. Presently. All the Time. Right Along: 1. "They'll be com­ing down tonight" (R. Graves); 2. "I suppose Michael will be getting home presently" (W. S. Maugham); 3. "You know what Chicago is; they'll be meeting all the time" (W. S. Maugham); 4. "I'll be selling land right along" (J. London).

Before Teatime, etc. Often, etc.: 1. "I shall be coming down before-teatime" (Ch. Bronte); 2. "Don't frown too much, Dick. You'll be look-

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ing old before your time" (J. Lindsay); 3. "I'll be seeing you ever so often now" (A. Cronin).

On Saturday, etc. One Morning, etc. Until Then, etc.: 1. The club will be watching Bennett play for Rotherham in their Cuptie against Lincoln on Saturday (D. Worker); 2. "We shall be running the experi­ment on the twenty-third" (C. P. Snow); 3."I wonder if you'll be passing one morning and could look in and see me for a moment" (H. Walpole);

4. "One of these days you'll be having the dog stolen" (J. Galsworthy);

5. " Until then I'll be sleeping there" (I. Stone); 6. "I shan't be leaving till past seven" (J. Lindsay).

Shortly. Then. This Year. Some Day. Before Long: l."The position will be falling vacant very shortly" (P. Wodehouse); 2. "We shall just be beginning the experiments then" (M. Wilson); 3. "You will be coming to me some day" (Ch. Bronte); 4." I don't think I shall be going to Ascot this year" (M. Arlen); 5. "The doctors will be finding something extra-pink before long" (J. Galsworthy).

Always. During This Coming Week¹, etc. Every Minute², etc. From Now On. Any More. Today, etc.: 1. "The glasses will always be sliding down my nose" (K. Mansfield); 2. "They'll be working for us from now on" (M. Wilson); 3. "Then I shan't be troubling you any more" (M. Ar­len); 4. "Today I'll be voting twenty times or more" (D. Carter).

After Lunch. Any Day Now. Constantly. In December, etc. In (the) Future. In the Morning: l."I've told him I'll be pushing off after lunch" (A. Berkley); 2. "Any day now the Russians will be fighting the British and the Americans" (I. Shaw); 3. Two fighters who will be seeing action at the National Sporting Club in December are British and European featherweight champion Howard Winston and John O'Brien (D. Work­er); 4. "Meanwhile, I'll be praying for you and loving you constantly" (Th. Dreiser); 5. "He'll be wanting other things from the city in the future" (Th. Dreiser); 6. "You'll find you won't be thinking of it in the morning" (H. Walpole).

Later. Meanwhile³. Never. Still. This Afternoon, etc. When ...?: l."I will be writing you later" (A. Cronin); 2. "I know my mother will never be forgiving me if I don't travel to see her" (J. Lindsay); 3. By that time you and I will be dust beneath the feet of horses, and men be still riding instead of flying (B. Shaw); 4. "But will you not be going there this afternoon?" (M. Mitchell); 5. Lester Piggott will be making a supreme effort to beat the reigning champion this weekend (D. Worker);

6. "When will you be going down?" (M. Wilson).

All Day Long. At First. A Few Days. Much Longer: l."I'll be work­ing my head off all day long, training the girl!" (S. Lewis); 2. "You're green. If I break you in, I'll be doing plenty of your work at first" (J. Lon­don); 3." Will you be spending a few days in Paris?" (Th. Dreiser); 4. "She won't be working there much longer" (O'Henry).

This May¹. This Morning. This Summer². What Time ...? Yet: 1. Many London tradeunionists will be rallying to welcome the Northerners at Friends House this morning (D. Worker); 2. "What time will you be calling tonight?" (G. Gordon); 3. "If he comes, you'll be doing the best yet, Hurley" (E. Cluer).

Clauses of Time Modifying the Future Dynamic: when-clause (38%); before-clause (31.0%); while-clause (10.3%); after-clause, as soon as-clause, until-clause (6.9%, each).

When-clause: see Examples 1—3 on page 128.

Before-clause: 1. "Before you know, the leaves will be hanging out a welcome to say it's spring again" (D. Cusack); 2. "I daresay we shall be having many talks about it before it's over" (H. Walpole); 3. "She'll be thanking her stars she found out her mistake in time, before the year's out" (E. Delafield).

While-clause: see Example 2 on page 128.

After-clause: "After I'm in my grave, you'll be weeping salt tears" (J. Lindsay).

As Soon As-Clause, Until-Clause: "As soon as your brother is fixed up I shall be sailing" (J. Galsworthy); "Remember I'll be looking till you find your sister" (Th. Dreiser).