- •Часть 1
- •Часть 1
- •Preface (Предисловие)
- •Part one: conversational and grammar topics
- •1. 4Th year 7th term
- •1.1. Sources of modern law
- •1.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •1.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •1.2. Branches of law
- •1.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •1.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •1.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •1.3. Constitutional law
- •1.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •1.4. Grammar: System of Verb Tenses (Active and Passive Voice)
- •1.4.1 Look at the table to see how the forms of the verb predicate change in each tense group in the Active and Passive.
- •Simple, Continuous and Perfect Forms with Modal Verbs
- •1.4.2 Change the voice of the verbs in bold type.
- •1.4.3 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the tense and voice forms of the verb predicate.
- •2. 4Th year 8 th term
- •2.1. Contract law
- •2.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.2. Property law
- •2.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.3. Company law
- •2.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •2.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •2.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •2.4. Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses. Direct and Reported Speech
- •Changing time expressions and other words
- •Reported and Indirect Questions
- •Reporting Commands and Requests
- •Using Say – Tell – Ask
- •2.4.1 Change the following from Direct into Reported Speech.
- •2.4.2 Turn the following into indirect questions. Omit question marks where necessary.
- •3. 5Th year 9 th term
- •3.1. Criminal law
- •3.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.2. Tort law
- •3.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.3. Family law
- •3.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •3.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •3.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •3.4. Grammar: The Infinitive Forms of the Infinitive
- •The Infinitive without ‘to’
- •3.4.1 Turn the following Present Infinitives into their Continuous and Perfect forms.
- •3.4.2 Fill in the correct form of the infinitives in brackets.
- •The Infinitive Constructions
- •3.4.3 Identify the Infinitive construction and translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •4. 5Th year 10 th term
- •4.1. International law
- •4.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •4.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.2. Formation, aims and enlargement of the european union
- •4.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •4.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.2.4 Copy the following table into your notebooks. Read the text again. While reading, fill in the events.
- •4.3. The principal institutions of the eu
- •4.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •4.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •4.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •4.4. Grammar: The Gerund Forms of the Gerund
- •4.4.1 Turn the following gerunds into their passive and perfect forms.
- •4.4.2 Complete the following sentences with the Gerunds from the table.
- •Constructions with the Gerund
- •4.4.3 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the constructions with the Gerund.
- •5. 6Th year 11th term
- •5.1. Human rights
- •5.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •5.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.2. Universal declaration of human rights
- •5.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •5.2.3 Match the following provisions of the udhr on the left to their Russian equivalents on the right.
- •5.2.4 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.3. The united nations organisation
- •5.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •5.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.4. The international court of justice
- •5.4.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •5.4.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
- •5.4.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •5.5. Grammar: The Participle Forms of the Participle
- •5.5.1 Turn the following Infinitives into Participles.
- •5.5.2. Translate the following world combinations into Russian.
- •5.5.3 In the following sentences identify the Participles and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Constructions with the Participle
- •5.5.4 Identify the Participial constructions and translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •6. 6Th year 12th term
- •6.1. Terrorism
- •6.1.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.1.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.1.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.2. Interpol
- •6.2.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.2.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.2.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.3. Globalization
- •6.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
- •6.3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •6.3.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •6.4. Grammar: Linking Words
- •6.4.2 Join the following sentences using the linking words in brackets. Make as many sentences as there are linking words.
- •Bibliography
- •Содержание
- •Часть 1
5.2.4 Read the text again to answer the following questions.
1) When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?
2) What was it thought to be?
3) How many Articles does it include?
4) What do Articles 1 and 2 of the Declaration state?
5) What rights and freedoms are set forth in Articles 3 to 21 (22 to 27)? Give examples.
6) When can the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration be limited?
5.3. The united nations organisation
5.3.1 Study these words before reading the text.
United Nations Organization (UNO or UN) – Организация Объединенных Наций (ООН)
General Assembly – Генеральная Ассамблея
Security Council – Совет Безопасности
Economic and Social Council – Совет по экономическим и социальным делам
International Court of Justice – Международный Суд Справедливости
to have a voice in – иметь право выражать свое мнение
to force sb to do sth – заставлять, принуждать
to carry out – исполнять
to take measures – принимать меры
to enforce – обеспечивать исполнение или соблюдение (закона, решения и т.п.)
to impose – налагать (санкции, наказание и т.п.)
to comply with – исполнять (условия, решения и т.п.), подчиняться
to obtain – получать
5.3.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian using a dictionary.
The United Nations Organization was founded in 1945 by the victorious countries of the Second World War. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN. When states become members of the United Nations, they agree to accept the obligations of the UN Charter. According to the Charter, the UN has the following purposes: to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems; to promote respect for human rights.
The United Nations is not a world government, but a conference of the world’s existing governments. It does not make laws. It provides means to help resolve international conflicts. All the member states – large and small, rich and poor, with different political views and social systems – have a voice in the process.
The United Nations’ main bodies are: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat which are based in New York, and the International Court of Justice, which is located at the Hague, the Netherlands.
The General Assembly is known as ‘parliament of nations’. All member states are represented in the General Assembly and each state has one vote. The Assembly cannot force any state to do anything, but it can give recommendations. The official languages in the General Assembly are: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
The Security Council is responsible for maintaining world peace and security. There are 15 members in the Security Council. Five of these – China, Russia, France, the United Kingdom and the United States – are permanent members. Under the Charter, all member states are bound to carry out the Council’s decisions. The Council can take measures to enforce its decisions. It can impose economic sanctions or, on rare occasions, to use ‘all necessary means’, including collective military action, to see that its decisions are carried out.
The Economic and Social Council coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations. It meets throughout a year and holds a major session in July, during which a special meeting of Ministers discusses major economic, social and humanitarian issues.
The Secretariat carries out the administrative work of the United Nations and consists of numerous departments and offices. At its head is the Secretary General, who provides overall administrative guidance.
The International Court of Justice, also known as the World Court, is the main judicial body of the UN. It consists of 15 judges and decides disputes between countries. Participation by states in a proceeding is voluntary, but if a state agrees to participate, it is obliged to comply with the Court’s decision. The Court also provides advisory opinions to the General Assembly and the Security Council on their request.
One of the greatest achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law. However, today it needs a serious reform to obtain more enforcement powers.