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5.4.3 Read the text again to answer the following questions.

1) What is the principal judicial body of the United Nations?

2) Who can be a party to the Statute of the ICJ?

3) Can a non-member of the UN be a party to the Statute?

4) What is the composition of the ICJ?

5) What is the main function of the World Court?

6) On what condition can a state be sued before the ICJ?

7) What sources of law does the Court rest upon in making decisions?

8) What are the official languages of the Court?

9) How are the judgments of the Court made?

10) Does the Court have powers of enforcement?

11) What are other functions of the Court besides passing judgments upon disputes between sovereign states?

5.5. Grammar: The Participle Forms of the Participle

Active

Passive

Participle 1

Participle 2

Perfect Participle

Doing (research)

проводя (исследование)

проводящий

проводивший

-------------------------

having done

проведя

being done

проводимое

проводившееся

done

проведенное

будучи проведенным

having been done

после того как

(исследование)

было проведено

5.5.1 Turn the following Infinitives into Participles.

To subscribe, to intend, to adopt, to observe, to presume, to participate, to conclude, to find, to deprive, to entitle, to translate, to serve.

5.5.2. Translate the following world combinations into Russian.

Specified categories; matters affecting all of us; being sued in court; born equal in dignity and rights; binding agreements; deliberations concluded; having been deprived; hotly debated issues; organization protecting human rights, the world’s existing governments.

5.5.3 In the following sentences identify the Participles and translate the sentences into Russian.

1) When cooperating with governments, the UN responds to human rights abuses and takes action to prevent violations.

2) The UN Commission on Human Rights is one of the main intergovernmental bodies holding public meetings on human rights violations wherever they occur in the world.

3) International humanitarian law can be defined as the principles and rules limiting the use of violence in times of conflict.

4) But despite the development of legally binding national and international conventions and organizations protecting human rights, millions of people in the world still do not enjoy human rights.

5) The judgment read in open court was final and without appeal.

6) The Court consists of 15 judges, elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council.

7) Being the principal judicial body of the UN, the International Court of Justice is also one of the main international courts.

8) By formal declaration, states may accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the court in specified categories of disputes.

9) International law is a branch of law resolving large-scale problems.

10) Having been founded after World War II, the UN aimed at maintaining international peace and security.

11) Everybody is innocent until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.

12) The UDHR is a universal and internationally protected code of human rights, to which all nations can subscribe and to which all people can aspire.