Библиографический список

1. Садохин А.А., Грушевицкая Этнология, М.,2003.

2. Александренков Э.В. Этнология, М.,1996.

УДК 624

студенты Кожевникова В.С., Тумашова А.А.

Сибирская государственная автомобильно-дорожная академия, Омск

Abstract: The article reviews bridges in different parts of the world, which are famous for their design and characteristics. It gives consideration to the structures which are reputed unconventional bridges.

Аннотация: В статье приводится обзор самых известных и необычных мостов в мире, рассказывается об истории их создания и об архитектурных особенностях данных сооружений.

Key words: bridge, function, construction, design, proportions, connect.

Ключевые слова: мост, функция, конструкция, проект, пропорции, связка.

THE MOST UNUSUAL BRIDGES IN THE WORLD

Since ancient times people have tried to grasp the immensity: to bypass mountains, cross the seas and the oceans. And for this purpose special structures were created, which impressed with their uniqueness and outstanding architecture. In this paper we consider the most unusual bridges in the world. Bridge is a permanent structure erected across a river, a lake, a swamp, a ravine, a strait or any other physical obstacle.

The fountain-bridge

The Korean architects decided to surprise the residents of the city Seoul with an unusual bridge, which in addition to its main function to cross the Han River, also performs the function of the fountain. Amazing architectural masterpiece is called Bango. It looks just like an ordinary bridge, but on its sides there are water shutters. Especially beautiful it looks at night when it is lit with colored lights and illuminated with water streams inside. There are nearly ten thousand small fountains, through which in total one hundred and ninety tons of water passes per day [1]

Langkawi Sky

This bridge is one of the highest bridges in the world. It is situated in Malaysia at the height of seven hundred metres above sea level. Its length is one hundred twenty-five meters through the mountains. It is amazing that the bridge stands on only one pillar, and it is stabilized by a system of cables fixed to nearby rocks. The bridge offers beautiful views of the mountainous part of the island and the coast. Since the bridge is curved, then there is a point where the illusion of an absolutely free hovering over the abyss below is created. At this altitude you can really feel like flying high.

The island-bridge

In the middle of the Mur River in the Austrian city Graz there is a pedestrian island-bridge in the form of a giant sea shell. On the bridge there is an amphitheatre, fifty meters long, twenty meters wide, as well as a cafe and a children's Playground. This bridge can simultaneously accommodate three hundred and fifty people.

Live bridges

These bridges are built from the roots of ficus elastica. This is an evergreen tree growing to the size of 30-40 meters. The roots of this ficus have one feature - secondary root system. Its roots grow outward. Having reached the other bank, the roots of the ficus grow into the ground. It usually takes 10-15 years to create such a bridge and it requires constant care and attention. Such a bridge can withstand up to fifty people. The older the bridge, the stronger is it, because the roots become strong like steel cables. This bridge is just like one from a fairy tale.

The Nanpu bridge in Shanghai.

This bridge was created with the purpose of saving space. It was designed in 1991. On average about a hundred and twenty thousand cars pass through this bridge daily. The central supports in the form of the letter N rise on a hundred and fifty meters. The distance between the two central abutments of the bridge reaches 423 meters.

Henderson Waves

This is the highest (36 m) pedestrian bridge in Singapore, constructively quite traditional, but with a very unusual design. Seven ribbed steel bulges above and below the deck of the bridge form a system of lateral niches in which there are places for recreation, with benches and tables inside. The interior decoration of the bridge is made of yellow wood balau, the outside decoration is made of the rib lamellar metal constructions, which hide lighting for nightly illumination. It is a favorite walking place of citizens, and more recently, the bridge has become especially attractive for wedding photographers.

Bridge Shahar.

This bridge was built to fight Turkish invaders. The legend says that the locals can destroy it in a matter of minutes in case of imminent danger. The bridge was built in the seventeenth century to connect the towns located on the top of the mountains of Yemen. The bridge stretches three hundred meters above the gorge.

Moses's bridge

Fort Rovere, where this newest of the most unusual bridges in the world is situated, was built in the XVII century as part of the Brabant line facilities, protecting the Netherlands from the invasion of France and Spain. During large-scale reconstruction of the fort the designers had to solve more than a nontrivial task: to throw the bridge for tourists over the moat, making it virtually invisible. Architects brilliantly coped with the task, having taken as the base of the design story about the sea waters dispersing before the prophet Moses. The bridge is almost completely submerged in water so that the pedestrian deck is below the water level. From a distance it is invisible and emerges when approaching as a narrow gap in the water. Practically completely made of specially treated and waterproof wood, “Moses’s Bridge" was among the finalists of the prestigious competition of Dutch Design Awards.

Slauerhoffbrug Bridge

This extremely strange bridge in the Netherlands, from a far distantly resembling a giant excavator, was named in memory of the Dutch poet and novelist of the XX century Ian Slauerhof, who was born in Leeuwarden. It is also called a "flying" bridge, although, strictly speaking, it is automatic leaf bridge on a mobile farm with pylon-counterweight (a kind of giant spool of thread lurking on the side of the road on the bank of the river). In terms of architecture, the bridge is a distant descendant of lifting bridges in medieval castles, assuming the guise of an industrial robot. The square bridge platform rises 10 times a day above the river almost vertically. In this position it is clear that the lower part of the platform is painted with the colors of Leeuwarden - blue and yellow.

The longest bridge.

In China construction of the longest bridge in the world has been completed recently. The total length of this giant is forty-two and a half kilometers. The construction of the bridge took four years. Two teams, with five thousand workers, worked on its construction.

During the research we were convinced that the construction of the bridge is an extremely demanding and expensive job. Dimensions of some modern bridges often go beyond the usual proportions. And it does not come in anyone’s mind that with such a giant building something might happen, because our faith in science and technology is limitless. The ability to build bridges since the times of the ancient Romans was considered to be the pinnacle of engineering.

Научный руководитель - Г.Н.Мусагитова, конд. Филологич. наук, доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки», СибАДИ, Омск