Библиографический список
http://www.slideboom.com/presentations
http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Work/Konkurs/13/Yametova/0.htm
УДК 625.72
студент Попкова А.В.
Сибирская государственная автомобильно-дорожная академия (СибАДИ), Омск
Abstract: This article focuses on the construction of the subgrade in the swamps. They are built depending on the type of swamp, technical category of the road. We consider two ways of the subgrade construction in the swamp adopted on the basis of technical and economic comparison. Six types of the technology of dirt fill construction on the swamp are discussed.
Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются особенности проектирования и строительства земляного полотна на болотах в зависимости от глубины болота, свойств торфа, а также с учетом категории дороги. Рассматриваются два способа строительства с точки зрения технической сложности и экономической целесообразности.
Key words: highways; subgrade; swamp; slope; drains; the axis of the road; mineral bottom; road-rollers.
Ключевые слова: земляное полотно; болото; насыпь; дренажный слой; ось дороги.
SUBGRADE CONSTRUCTION IN SWAMPS
According to «Construction Specifications for Access Roads» [1, c.6] «good construction practices involving swamp treatment include: deep swamp should be avoided; select a crossing location where there is a well developed root mat supporting tree growth; Construction through a swamp area is preferable during the winter; heavier equipment can cross without being bogged down or disturbing the root mat; and, construction can proceed beyond the swamp without having to wait for the completion of treatment; the most common swamp treatment involves floating the material on the natural root mat; if possible, limit fill depth over swamps to 1.3 m.; If the placement of fill on the natural mat is not practical, use reinforcing materials such as geotextiles or log corduroy; enough culverts should be provided to ensure that the surface water is equalized on both sides of the road. The culverts should be located where the organic deposit thickness is the least (less settlement)».
Designation of swamps and the axis runs on the plan.
Picture 1 - Swamps and the axis runs on the plan.
Selecting the construction of the subgrade in the swamp adopted on the basis of technical and economic comparison of the two options:
With the removal of muds.
With use of weak thickness as the basis.
The technology of construction dirt fill in the swamp is divided into six types:
The dirt fill on the swamps of the first type with the full removal of muds.
The dirt fill on the swamps of the first type with longitudinal slits.
The dirt fill on the swamps of the first type with vertical absorbing wells.
The dirt fill on the swamps of the first and second types with the partial removal of muds.
The dirt fill on the swamps of the first and second types without.
The dirt fill on the swamps of the second and third types with immersion on a mineral bottom.
Erection of the dirt fill with the full or partial of muds:
Preparation in the winter with use of ordinary construction machines. The main features of the winter excavation are negative temperature, presence of snow and ice.
Removing of peat by bulldozer or excavator.
In the summer removal of peat isn't made. The construction sinks machines.
Peat store in the heaps and remove or later use for strengthening slopes of dirt fill.
The trench is filled with soil.
Layerwise compaction by road-rollers.
The main features of the winter excavation are negative temperature, presence of snow and ice.
A few years after drainage, all inherent in the swamp, vegetation dies, and on the site of the former marshes formed wasteland. Peat very quickly triggered (by 2 - 3 to 10 - 12 cm per year).
Draining wetlands violates the power of small rivers flowing from the swamps, which are in turn larger sources. As a result of continuous drainage of wetlands, many of them simply disappeared.
After draining the marshes, the forest dries out, the diversity of its flora and fauna is significantly reduced.
Научный руководитель – Т.Г. Галкина, к. филологич. наук, доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки» СибАДИ, Омск.