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УДК 691.328

студент Сахарова Н.И.

Сибирская государственная автомобильно-дорожная академия (СибАДИ), Омск

Abstract. The main classes of the polymeric modifying additives for viscous road bitumen are considered. The analysis of physico-mechanical properties of polymeric and bituminous binders on the basis of different additives shows that the most effective additive allowing to improve operational properties of bitumen is block copolymer styrene-butadiene-styrene.

Аннотация:

В статье рассматриваются основные классы полимерно-битумные вяжущие в дорожном строительстве. Анализируются физико-механических свойства полимерно-битумных вяжущих с применением различных добавок. Доказывается, что самой эффективной добавкой, позволяющей улучшить эксплуатационные свойства битума, является блоксополимер стирол бутадиен стирол.

Keywords: the polymeric modifying additives, polymeric and bituminous binders.

Ключевые слова: полимерно-битумные вяжущие; полимерные добавки.

INFLUENCE OF POLYMEROUS ADDITIVES ON POLYMERIC AND BITUMINOUS BINDERS PROPERTIES

Increase of durability of asphalt concrete coverings is one of actual problems of road construction. The solution of this task allows to gain considerable economic effect due to reduction of costs of repair works and improvements of transport and operational conditions of pavements during the term of their service [1].

In paving, bitumen acts as a binder of the aggregate that ensures the structural strength and texture of the road surface. It gives the road surface elasticity, a characteristic that has led bituminous road surfaces to be known as flexible pavements. Bitumen is often modified with products that increase its elasticity and capacity to provide a barrier against the passage of water. Modification of binders also increases shear resistance, frost resistance, crack resistance and durability of asphalt concrete pavements. Use of polymers as modifiers of bitumen allows to receive polymeric and bituminous binders (PBB) which in comparison with usual bitumen have wider temperature interval of working capacity and possess elastic properties.

Among the thermoelastic polymers used for bitumen modification, the leading role belongs to thermolayers, elastomers and termoelastoplasts.

Polymers like SBS combine the high durability inherent in plastic, and the high elasticity characteristic of elastomers, possess ability to elastic deformations in the range of temperatures from +80 to -80 °C.

Polymer addition (2,5 – 5%) or its solution in softener with bitumen leads to receiving PBB with the developed spatial structural grid from polymer. In comparison with PBB bitumen it is characterized by the raised indicators of elasticity and durability in a wide interval of temperatures and crack resistance. Polymeric and bituminous binders with use of termoelastoplast have wide practical application abroad and in Russia.

According to the article «Compatibilizer Role of Styrene-butadiene-styrene Triblock Copolymer in Asphalt», polymer modified asphalt (РМА) was prepared from mixtures of triblock copolymer poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) and asphalt. Physical and mechanical properties of the mixtures were characterized by differ­ential scanning calorimeter (DSC), needle penetration and softening point methods, and tensile strength measurement. The glass transition temperatures of both blocks of SBS changed with the fraction of asphalt varied from 0 to 97%, which indicates the mixture system to be partially miscible at least. Maltene, the soluble fraction extracted from the asphalt by n-heptane, was found to interact preferentially with the polybutadiene unit of SBS, whereas asphaltene, insoluble frac­tion interacted predominantly with the polystyrene unit. Fraction dependence of viscosity, penetration and tensile strength of the mixtures showed the threshold at low SBS concentration (e.g., 5—10%) to increase markedly. A micro-structure model for the PMA system with lower SBS is proposed. The small amount of SBS in PMA seem to act as com­patibilizer and emulsify the two components of asphalt to make a mechanically stable network [2].

As a result of the experiment the following conclusions can be drawn:

Polymer modified asphalt with different composition was prepared from triblock copolymer poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) and asphalt. Maltene, the soluble fraction extracted from asphalt by i-heptane, interacted preferentially with the polybutadiene unit (PB) of SBS, whereas asphaltene, insoluble fraction, predominantly with the polystyrene (PS) unit from DSC measurement. Rheological and mechanical measurements demonstrated that viscosity, penetration and tensile strength of the composite were enhanced even at low SBS concentration (e.g., between 5—10%). The components of asphaltene and maltene partially interacted with specific units of SBS, so that emulsifying effects of SBS resulted in phase inversion. A microstructure model which SBS played as compatibilizer for the PMA system is proposed, which should explain the phenomena.

As a result of the analysis of the published research works on use of the modified bitumen for increase of operational properties of bitumen and the bitumen-mineral compositions it is revealed that the most effective modifying additive to bitumen is polymer styrene-butadiene-styrene.

Научный руководитель – Т.Г Галкина, канд. филологич. наук, доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки» СибАДИ, Омск